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<webMaster>noemail@pharmacytechnician.org(Webmaster)</webMaster>
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<pubDate>Thu, 17 May 2012 07:10:07 GMT</pubDate>
		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/382</link>

			<title>IV Certification Course on 19-May-12 9:00 AM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/382&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;IV Certification Course&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120519T140000Z&quot;&gt;19-May-12 9:00 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120520T220000Z&quot;&gt;20-May-12 5:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tlocation&quot;&gt;Location:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;location&quot;&gt;
NPTA Training Institute, 15832 W. Hardy, Suite 640, Houston, Tx 77060 &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tspeaker&quot;&gt;Speaker:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;speaker&quot;&gt;NPTA Staff&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Course Details&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;The course requirements include:&lt;br&gt;
		- 9 Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
		- 2 Days Hands-On Training&lt;br&gt;
		- 8&amp;nbsp;Process Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?1386&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;Complete Learning Objectives&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;How the Course Works&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Participants must complete nine separate modules of home-based learning, comprised of a reading assignment and comprehensive exam.&amp;nbsp;A score of 70% or higher is required&amp;nbsp;for each exam. &amp;nbsp;After completing the home-based study modules, participants attend and complete NPTA&amp;rsquo;s&amp;nbsp;two-day&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Sterile Product&amp;nbsp;Training Institute&lt;/em&gt;, located at the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?1393&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; in Houston, Texas.&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;- Introduction to Sterile Products&lt;br&gt;
		- Facilities, Garb &amp;amp; Equipment&lt;br&gt;
		- Aseptic Calculations&lt;br&gt;
		- Properties of Sterile Products&lt;br&gt;
		- Aseptic Technique&lt;br&gt;
		- Sterile Product Preparations&lt;br&gt;
		- Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)&lt;br&gt;
		- Chemotherapy&lt;br&gt;
		- Quality Control and Assurance&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Training &amp;amp; Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;- Aseptic Hand Washing&lt;br&gt;
		- Horizontal Laminar Airflow Hood Care&lt;br&gt;
		- Vertical Laminar Airflow Hood Care&lt;br&gt;
		- Vial Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		- Ampule Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		- Hazardous Vial Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		- Hazardous Ampule Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;Tuition Fee&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;$648 Members&lt;br&gt;
		$698 Non-Members&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Please note: This course is non-refundable and non-transferable.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Rescheduling is subject to a $250 change fee and is based on availability.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;What&#39;s Included &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;Tuition includes: &lt;em&gt;Sterile Products &lt;/em&gt;textbook by Pearson Education, official course binder, two day hands-on training institute, lunch/snacks on both training days,&amp;nbsp;use of laboratory equipment and supplies,&amp;nbsp;statement of CE credit and an Official&amp;nbsp;Certificate of Validated Training, upon successful completion.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;font style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;CPE Credits&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;40.0 Contact Hours/4.0 CEU&lt;br&gt;
		Program Type: Practice&lt;br&gt;
		UAN No: 0384-0000-11-004-H-04-T //&amp;nbsp; 0384-0000-11-004-L-04-T&lt;br&gt;
		0384-0000-11-004-H-04-P // 0384-0000-11-004-L-04-P&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/382</guid>

			<pubDate>Sat, 19 May 2012 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/383</link>

			<title>IV Certification Course on 21-May-12 9:00 AM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/383&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;IV Certification Course&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120521T140000Z&quot;&gt;21-May-12 9:00 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120522T220000Z&quot;&gt;22-May-12 5:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tlocation&quot;&gt;Location:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;location&quot;&gt;
NPTA Training Institute, 15832 W. Hardy, Suite 640, Houston, Tx 77060 &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tspeaker&quot;&gt;Speaker:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;speaker&quot;&gt;NPTA Faculty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Course Details&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;The course requirements include:&lt;br&gt;
		- 9 Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
		- 2 Days Hands-On Training&lt;br&gt;
		- 8&amp;nbsp;Process Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?1386&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;Complete Learning Objectives&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;How the Course Works&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Participants must complete nine separate modules of home-based learning, comprised of a reading assignment and comprehensive exam.&amp;nbsp;A score of 70% or higher is required&amp;nbsp;for each exam. &amp;nbsp;After completing the home-based study modules, participants attend and complete NPTA&amp;rsquo;s&amp;nbsp;two-day&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Sterile Product&amp;nbsp;Training Institute&lt;/em&gt;, located at the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?1393&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; in Houston, Texas.&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;- Introduction to Sterile Products&lt;br&gt;
		- Facilities, Garb &amp;amp; Equipment&lt;br&gt;
		- Aseptic Calculations&lt;br&gt;
		- Properties of Sterile Products&lt;br&gt;
		- Aseptic Technique&lt;br&gt;
		- Sterile Product Preparations&lt;br&gt;
		- Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)&lt;br&gt;
		- Chemotherapy&lt;br&gt;
		- Quality Control and Assurance&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Training &amp;amp; Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;- Aseptic Hand Washing&lt;br&gt;
		- Horizontal Laminar Airflow Hood Care&lt;br&gt;
		- Vertical Laminar Airflow Hood Care&lt;br&gt;
		- Vial Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		- Ampule Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		- Hazardous Vial Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		- Hazardous Ampule Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;Tuition Fee&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;$648 Members&lt;br&gt;
		$698 Non-Members&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Please note: This course is non-refundable and non-transferable.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Rescheduling is subject to a $250 change fee and is based on availability.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;What&#39;s Included &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;Tuition includes: &lt;em&gt;Sterile Products &lt;/em&gt;textbook by Pearson Education, official course binder, two day hands-on training institute, lunch/snacks on both training days,&amp;nbsp;use of laboratory equipment and supplies,&amp;nbsp;statement of CE credit and an Official&amp;nbsp;Certificate of Validated Training, upon successful completion.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;font style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;CPE Credits&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;40.0 Contact Hours/4.0 CEU&lt;br&gt;
		Program Type: Practice&lt;br&gt;
		UAN No: 0384-0000-11-004-H-04-T //&amp;nbsp; 0384-0000-11-004-L-04-T&lt;br&gt;
		0384-0000-11-004-H-04-P // 0384-0000-11-004-L-04-P&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/383</guid>

			<pubDate>Mon, 21 May 2012 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/387</link>

			<title>Chemo Certification Course on 23-May-12 9:00 AM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/387&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;Chemo Certification Course&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120523T140000Z&quot;&gt;23-May-12 9:00 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120523T220000Z&quot;&gt;23-May-12 5:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tlocation&quot;&gt;Location:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;location&quot;&gt;
NPTA Training Institute, 15832 W. Hardy, Suite 640, Houston, Tx 77060 &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tspeaker&quot;&gt;Speaker:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;speaker&quot;&gt;NPA Faculty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Course Details&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/strong&gt;The course requirements include:&lt;br&gt;
	- 10 Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
	- 1 Days Hands-On Training&lt;br&gt;
	- 5 Process Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/chemo-certification-learning-objectives/&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;Complete Learning Objectives&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;How the Course Works&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/strong&gt;Participants must complete ten separate modules of home-based learning, comprised of a reading assignment and comprehensive exams.&amp;nbsp;A score of 70% or higher is required&amp;nbsp;for each exam. &amp;nbsp;After completing the home-based study modules, participants attend and complete NPTA&amp;rsquo;s one-day &lt;em&gt;Hazardous Drugs Training Institute&lt;/em&gt;, located at the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?1393&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in Houston, Texas.&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/strong&gt;- What are Hazardous Drugs&lt;br&gt;
	- ASHP and Other Guidelines&lt;br&gt;
	- Receipt, Storage, Labeling &amp;amp; Transport&lt;br&gt;
	- Risk Assessment, Controls &amp;amp; Medical Surveillance&lt;br&gt;
	- Biological Safety Cabinets&lt;br&gt;
	- Isolators&lt;br&gt;
	- Personal Protective Equipment&lt;br&gt;
	- Aseptic Technique&lt;br&gt;
	- Decontamination, Waste Disposal &amp;amp; Spill Control&lt;br&gt;
	- Comprehensive Final Exam&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Training &amp;amp; Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/strong&gt;- Aseptic Hand Washing &amp;amp; Garbing&lt;br&gt;
	- Decontamination &amp;amp; Deactivation of a BSC&lt;br&gt;
	- Hazardous Liquid Vial Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
	- Hazardous Powder Vial Manipulation&lt;br&gt;
	- Hazardous Ampule Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&amp;nbsp;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff&quot;&gt;Tuition Fee&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;$498 Members&lt;br&gt;
		$598 Non-Members&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff&quot;&gt;Please note: This course is non-refundable and non-transferable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff&quot;&gt;Rescheduling is subject to a $250 change fee and is based on availability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff&quot;&gt;What&#39;s Included &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: yellow&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;Tuition includes: &lt;em&gt;Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs &lt;/em&gt;textbook by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, online course content access, one day of hands-on training/validations, lunch/snacks on training day,&amp;nbsp;use of laboratory equipment and supplies,&amp;nbsp;statement of CE credit and an Official&amp;nbsp;Certificate of Validated Training, upon successful completion.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/387</guid>

			<pubDate>Wed, 23 May 2012 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/391</link>

			<title>Compounding Certification Course on 24-May-12 9:00 AM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/391&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;Compounding Certification Course&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120524T140000Z&quot;&gt;24-May-12 9:00 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120525T220000Z&quot;&gt;25-May-12 5:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tlocation&quot;&gt;Location:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;location&quot;&gt;
NPTA Training Institute, 15832 W. Hardy, Suite 640, Houston, Tx 77060 &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tspeaker&quot;&gt;Speaker:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;speaker&quot;&gt;NPTA Faculty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div class=&quot;eventview-details&quot;&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;div class=&quot;eventview-details&quot;&gt;
				&lt;div&gt;
					&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Course Details&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
					The course requirements include:&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- 10 Home Study Modules with Exams&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- 2 Days Hands-On Training&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;strong&gt;How the Course Works&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
					Participants must complete eleven separate modules of home-based learning, comprised of a reading assignment and comprehensive exam.&amp;nbsp;A score of 70% or higher is required&amp;nbsp;for each exam. &amp;nbsp;After completing the home-based study modules, participants attend and complete NPTA&amp;rsquo;s&amp;nbsp;two-day &lt;em&gt;Pharmaceutical Compounding Training Institute&lt;/em&gt;, located at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?1393&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;in Houston, Texas.&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;strong&gt;Home Study Modules&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Introduction to Compounding/Compounding Practices &amp;amp; Considerations&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Facilities, Equipment &amp;amp; Supplies&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Quality Assurance &amp;amp; Record Keeping&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Capsules, Tablets &amp;amp; Powders&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Lozenges, Troches, Sticks &amp;amp; Suppositories&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Solutions, Suspensions &amp;amp; Emulsions&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Ointments, Creams, Pastes &amp;amp; Gels&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Ophthalmic, Otic &amp;amp; Nasal Preparations&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Medication Flavoring&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Veterinary Compounding&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;strong&gt;Hands-On Training&amp;nbsp;Labs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Capsules&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Carbomer Gels&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;Creams&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Gelatin Troches&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Lip Balms&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Medicated Lollipops&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- PEG Troches&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- PLO Gels&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Solutions&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Suspensions&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Suppositories&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Tablet Triturates&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Coloring/Flavoring&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;Quality Assurance Methods&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Record Keeping&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;strong&gt;Tuition Fee&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;/strong&gt;$648 NPTA Members&lt;br&gt;
					$698 Non-Members &lt;/span&gt;
					&lt;div&gt;
						&lt;div&gt;
							&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;Please note: This course is non-refundable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
						&lt;div&gt;
							&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;Rescheduling is subject to a $250 change fee and is based on availability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
					&lt;/div&gt;
					&lt;div&gt;
						&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
						&lt;strong&gt;What&#39;s Included&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
						&lt;/span&gt;
						&lt;div&gt;
							&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;Tuition includes: &lt;em&gt;Compounding &lt;/em&gt;textbook by Pearson Education, official course binder, two day hands-on training institute, lunch/snacks on both training days,&amp;nbsp;use of laboratory equipment and supplies,&amp;nbsp;statement of CE credit and an Official&amp;nbsp;Certificate of Validated Training, upon successful completion. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
						&lt;div&gt;
							&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
						&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CPE Credits&lt;br&gt;
						&lt;/strong&gt;40.0 Contact Hours/4.0 CEU&lt;br&gt;
						Program Type: Activity&lt;br&gt;
						UAN No. 384-000-09-072-H04-T&lt;br&gt;
						&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 384-000-09-072-H04-P&lt;br&gt;
						This program was released March 12, 2009.&lt;br&gt;
						&lt;br&gt;
						Same as: 384-000-06-070-H04 (Released April 1, 2006)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
				&lt;/div&gt;
			&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/391</guid>

			<pubDate>Thu, 24 May 2012 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/384</link>

			<title>IV Certification Course on 4-Jun-12 9:00 AM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/384&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;IV Certification Course&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120604T140000Z&quot;&gt;4-Jun-12 9:00 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120605T220000Z&quot;&gt;5-Jun-12 5:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tlocation&quot;&gt;Location:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;location&quot;&gt;
NPTA Training Institute, 15832 W. Hardy, Suite 640, Houston, Tx 77060 &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tspeaker&quot;&gt;Speaker:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;speaker&quot;&gt;NPTA Faculty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/384</guid>

			<pubDate>Mon, 04 Jun 2012 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/388</link>

			<title>Chemo Certification Course on 6-Jun-12 9:00 AM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/388&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;Chemo Certification Course&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120606T140000Z&quot;&gt;6-Jun-12 9:00 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120606T220000Z&quot;&gt;6-Jun-12 5:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tlocation&quot;&gt;Location:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;location&quot;&gt;
NPTA Training Institute, 15832 W. Hardy, Suite 640, Houston, Tx 77060 &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tspeaker&quot;&gt;Speaker:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;speaker&quot;&gt;NPTA Faculty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Course Details&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/strong&gt;The course requirements include:&lt;br&gt;
	- 10 Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
	- 1 Days Hands-On Training&lt;br&gt;
	- 5 Process Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/chemo-certification-learning-objectives/&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;Complete Learning Objectives&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;How the Course Works&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/strong&gt;Participants must complete ten separate modules of home-based learning, comprised of a reading assignment and comprehensive exams.&amp;nbsp;A score of 70% or higher is required&amp;nbsp;for each exam. &amp;nbsp;After completing the home-based study modules, participants attend and complete NPTA&amp;rsquo;s one-day &lt;em&gt;Hazardous Drugs Training Institute&lt;/em&gt;, located at the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?1393&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in Houston, Texas.&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/strong&gt;- What are Hazardous Drugs&lt;br&gt;
	- ASHP and Other Guidelines&lt;br&gt;
	- Receipt, Storage, Labeling &amp;amp; Transport&lt;br&gt;
	- Risk Assessment, Controls &amp;amp; Medical Surveillance&lt;br&gt;
	- Biological Safety Cabinets&lt;br&gt;
	- Isolators&lt;br&gt;
	- Personal Protective Equipment&lt;br&gt;
	- Aseptic Technique&lt;br&gt;
	- Decontamination, Waste Disposal &amp;amp; Spill Control&lt;br&gt;
	- Comprehensive Final Exam&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Training &amp;amp; Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/strong&gt;- Aseptic Hand Washing &amp;amp; Garbing&lt;br&gt;
	- Decontamination &amp;amp; Deactivation of a BSC&lt;br&gt;
	- Hazardous Liquid Vial Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
	- Hazardous Powder Vial Manipulation&lt;br&gt;
	- Hazardous Ampule Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&amp;nbsp;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff&quot;&gt;Tuition Fee&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;$498 Members&lt;br&gt;
		$598 Non-Members&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff&quot;&gt;Please note: This course is non-refundable and non-transferable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff&quot;&gt;Rescheduling is subject to a $250 change fee and is based on availability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff&quot;&gt;What&#39;s Included &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: yellow&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;Tuition includes: &lt;em&gt;Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs &lt;/em&gt;textbook by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, online course content access, one day of hands-on training/validations, lunch/snacks on training day,&amp;nbsp;use of laboratory equipment and supplies,&amp;nbsp;statement of CE credit and an Official&amp;nbsp;Certificate of Validated Training, upon successful completion.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/388</guid>

			<pubDate>Wed, 06 Jun 2012 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/392</link>

			<title>Compounding Certification Course on 7-Jun-12 9:00 AM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/392&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;Compounding Certification Course&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120607T140000Z&quot;&gt;7-Jun-12 9:00 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120608T220000Z&quot;&gt;8-Jun-12 5:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tlocation&quot;&gt;Location:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;location&quot;&gt;
NPTA Training Institute, 15832 W. Hardy, Suite 640, Houston, Tx 77060 &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tspeaker&quot;&gt;Speaker:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;speaker&quot;&gt;NPTA Faculty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div class=&quot;eventview-details&quot;&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;div class=&quot;eventview-details&quot;&gt;
				&lt;div&gt;
					&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Course Details&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
					The course requirements include:&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- 10 Home Study Modules with Exams&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- 2 Days Hands-On Training&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;strong&gt;How the Course Works&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
					Participants must complete eleven separate modules of home-based learning, comprised of a reading assignment and comprehensive exam.&amp;nbsp;A score of 70% or higher is required&amp;nbsp;for each exam. &amp;nbsp;After completing the home-based study modules, participants attend and complete NPTA&amp;rsquo;s&amp;nbsp;two-day &lt;em&gt;Pharmaceutical Compounding Training Institute&lt;/em&gt;, located at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?1393&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;in Houston, Texas.&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;strong&gt;Home Study Modules&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Introduction to Compounding/Compounding Practices &amp;amp; Considerations&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Facilities, Equipment &amp;amp; Supplies&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Quality Assurance &amp;amp; Record Keeping&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Capsules, Tablets &amp;amp; Powders&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Lozenges, Troches, Sticks &amp;amp; Suppositories&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Solutions, Suspensions &amp;amp; Emulsions&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Ointments, Creams, Pastes &amp;amp; Gels&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Ophthalmic, Otic &amp;amp; Nasal Preparations&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Medication Flavoring&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Veterinary Compounding&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;strong&gt;Hands-On Training&amp;nbsp;Labs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Capsules&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Carbomer Gels&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;Creams&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Gelatin Troches&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Lip Balms&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Medicated Lollipops&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- PEG Troches&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- PLO Gels&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Solutions&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Suspensions&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Suppositories&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Tablet Triturates&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Coloring/Flavoring&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;Quality Assurance Methods&lt;br&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;- Record Keeping&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;strong&gt;Tuition Fee&lt;br&gt;
					&lt;/strong&gt;$648 NPTA Members&lt;br&gt;
					$698 Non-Members &lt;/span&gt;
					&lt;div&gt;
						&lt;div&gt;
							&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;Please note: This course is non-refundable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
						&lt;div&gt;
							&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;Rescheduling is subject to a $250 change fee and is based on availability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
					&lt;/div&gt;
					&lt;div&gt;
						&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
						&lt;strong&gt;What&#39;s Included&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
						&lt;/span&gt;
						&lt;div&gt;
							&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;Tuition includes: &lt;em&gt;Compounding &lt;/em&gt;textbook by Pearson Education, official course binder, two day hands-on training institute, lunch/snacks on both training days,&amp;nbsp;use of laboratory equipment and supplies,&amp;nbsp;statement of CE credit and an Official&amp;nbsp;Certificate of Validated Training, upon successful completion. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
						&lt;div&gt;
							&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
						&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff0000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CPE Credits&lt;br&gt;
						&lt;/strong&gt;40.0 Contact Hours/4.0 CEU&lt;br&gt;
						Program Type: Activity&lt;br&gt;
						UAN No. 384-000-09-072-H04-T&lt;br&gt;
						&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 384-000-09-072-H04-P&lt;br&gt;
						This program was released March 12, 2009.&lt;br&gt;
						&lt;br&gt;
						Same as: 384-000-06-070-H04 (Released April 1, 2006)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
				&lt;/div&gt;
			&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/392</guid>

			<pubDate>Thu, 07 Jun 2012 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/427</link>

			<title>IV Certification Course on 11-Jun-12 9:00 AM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/427&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;IV Certification Course&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120611T140000Z&quot;&gt;11-Jun-12 9:00 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120612T220000Z&quot;&gt;12-Jun-12 5:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tlocation&quot;&gt;Location:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;location&quot;&gt;
NPTA Training Institute, 15832 W. Hardy, Suite 640, Houston, Tx 77060 &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tspeaker&quot;&gt;Speaker:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;speaker&quot;&gt;NPTA Faculty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Course Details&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;The course requirements include:&lt;br&gt;
		- 9 Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
		- 2 Days Hands-On Training&lt;br&gt;
		- 8&amp;nbsp;Process Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?1386&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;Complete Learning Objectives&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;How the Course Works&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Participants must complete nine separate modules of home-based learning, comprised of a reading assignment and comprehensive exam.&amp;nbsp;A score of 70% or higher is required&amp;nbsp;for each exam. &amp;nbsp;After completing the home-based study modules, participants attend and complete NPTA&amp;rsquo;s&amp;nbsp;two-day&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Sterile Product&amp;nbsp;Training Institute&lt;/em&gt;, located at the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?1393&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; in Houston, Texas.&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;- Introduction to Sterile Products&lt;br&gt;
		- Facilities, Garb &amp;amp; Equipment&lt;br&gt;
		- Aseptic Calculations&lt;br&gt;
		- Properties of Sterile Products&lt;br&gt;
		- Aseptic Technique&lt;br&gt;
		- Sterile Product Preparations&lt;br&gt;
		- Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)&lt;br&gt;
		- Chemotherapy&lt;br&gt;
		- Quality Control and Assurance&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Training &amp;amp; Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;- Aseptic Hand Washing&lt;br&gt;
		- Horizontal Laminar Airflow Hood Care&lt;br&gt;
		- Vertical Laminar Airflow Hood Care&lt;br&gt;
		- Vial Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		- Ampule Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		- Hazardous Vial Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		- Hazardous Ampule Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;Tuition Fee&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;$648 Members&lt;br&gt;
		$698 Non-Members&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Please note: This course is non-refundable and non-transferable.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Rescheduling is subject to a $250 change fee and is based on availability.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;What&#39;s Included &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;Tuition includes: &lt;em&gt;Sterile Products &lt;/em&gt;textbook by Pearson Education, official course binder, two day hands-on training institute, lunch/snacks on both training days,&amp;nbsp;use of laboratory equipment and supplies,&amp;nbsp;statement of CE credit and an Official&amp;nbsp;Certificate of Validated Training, upon successful completion.&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,102,0)&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;2011 Dates&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2012 Scheduled Training Dates&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/355&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Jan 23-24&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/355&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,0,0)&quot;&gt;SOLD OUT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/360&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Feb 6-7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,0,0)&quot;&gt;SOLD OUT&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/361&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Feb &amp;nbsp;20-21&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,0,0)&quot;&gt;SOLD OUT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,165,0)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:void(0)/*284*/&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;March 19-20&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,165,0)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:void(0)/*285*/&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;April 16-17&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,165,0)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/365&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;April 23-24&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,165,0)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/381&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;May 7-8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(105,105,105)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/382&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;May 19-20 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;[Weekend Date]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,165,0)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:void(0)/*289*/&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;May 21-22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,165,0)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:void(0)/*290*/&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;June 4-5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,165,0)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:void(0)/*291*/&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;June 18-19&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,0,0)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,0,0)&quot;&gt;* &lt;/span&gt;DATES SHOWN MAY BE FULL&lt;br&gt;
			&lt;br&gt;
			&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;font style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;CPE Credits&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;40.0 Contact Hours/4.0 CEU&lt;br&gt;
		Program Type: Practice&lt;br&gt;
		UAN No: 0384-0000-11-004-H-04-T //&amp;nbsp; 0384-0000-11-004-L-04-T&lt;br&gt;
		0384-0000-11-004-H-04-P // 0384-0000-11-004-L-04-P&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Re-Release Date: 04-18-2011&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Expiration Date: 04-18-2014&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;124&quot; src=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/attachments/wysiwyg/37336/ACPE_web_logo1small1.JPG&quot; width=&quot;532&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/427</guid>

			<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jun 2012 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/385</link>

			<title>IV Certification Course on 18-Jun-12 9:00 AM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/385&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;IV Certification Course&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120618T140000Z&quot;&gt;18-Jun-12 9:00 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120619T220000Z&quot;&gt;19-Jun-12 5:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tlocation&quot;&gt;Location:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;location&quot;&gt;
NPTA Training Institute, 15832 W. Hardy, Suite 640, Houston, Tx 77060 &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tspeaker&quot;&gt;Speaker:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;speaker&quot;&gt;NPTA Faculty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Course Details&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;The course requirements include:&lt;br&gt;
		- 9 Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
		- 2 Days Hands-On Training&lt;br&gt;
		- 8&amp;nbsp;Process Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?1386&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;Complete Learning Objectives&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;How the Course Works&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Participants must complete nine separate modules of home-based learning, comprised of a reading assignment and comprehensive exam.&amp;nbsp;A score of 70% or higher is required&amp;nbsp;for each exam. &amp;nbsp;After completing the home-based study modules, participants attend and complete NPTA&amp;rsquo;s&amp;nbsp;two-day&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Sterile Product&amp;nbsp;Training Institute&lt;/em&gt;, located at the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?1393&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; in Houston, Texas.&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;- Introduction to Sterile Products&lt;br&gt;
		- Facilities, Garb &amp;amp; Equipment&lt;br&gt;
		- Aseptic Calculations&lt;br&gt;
		- Properties of Sterile Products&lt;br&gt;
		- Aseptic Technique&lt;br&gt;
		- Sterile Product Preparations&lt;br&gt;
		- Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)&lt;br&gt;
		- Chemotherapy&lt;br&gt;
		- Quality Control and Assurance&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Training &amp;amp; Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;- Aseptic Hand Washing&lt;br&gt;
		- Horizontal Laminar Airflow Hood Care&lt;br&gt;
		- Vertical Laminar Airflow Hood Care&lt;br&gt;
		- Vial Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		- Ampule Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		- Hazardous Vial Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		- Hazardous Ampule Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;Tuition Fee&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;$648 Members&lt;br&gt;
		$698 Non-Members&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Please note: This course is non-refundable and non-transferable.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Rescheduling is subject to a $250 change fee and is based on availability.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;What&#39;s Included &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;Tuition includes: &lt;em&gt;Sterile Products &lt;/em&gt;textbook by Pearson Education, official course binder, two day hands-on training institute, lunch/snacks on both training days,&amp;nbsp;use of laboratory equipment and supplies,&amp;nbsp;statement of CE credit and an Official&amp;nbsp;Certificate of Validated Training, upon successful completion.&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255,102,0)&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;2011 Dates&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;2011 Scheduled Training Dates&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/347&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot;&gt;Nov 5-6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #f00&quot;&gt;SOLD OUT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/289&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Nov 14-15 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #f00&quot;&gt;SOLD OUT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/290&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Dec 5-6 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #f00&quot;&gt;SOLD OUT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;font style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ec7e25&quot;&gt;CPE Credits&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;40.0 Contact Hours/4.0 CEU&lt;br&gt;
		Program Type: Practice&lt;br&gt;
		UAN No: 0384-0000-11-004-H-04-T //&amp;nbsp; 0384-0000-11-004-L-04-T&lt;br&gt;
		0384-0000-11-004-H-04-P // 0384-0000-11-004-L-04-P&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Re-Release Date: 04-18-2011&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Expiration Date: 04-18-2014&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/385</guid>

			<pubDate>Mon, 18 Jun 2012 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/389</link>

			<title>Chemo Certification Course on 20-Jun-12 9:00 AM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/389&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;Chemo Certification Course&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120620T140000Z&quot;&gt;20-Jun-12 9:00 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120620T220000Z&quot;&gt;20-Jun-12 5:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tlocation&quot;&gt;Location:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;location&quot;&gt;
NPTA Training Institute, 15832 W. Hardy, Suite 640, Houston, Tx 77060 &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tspeaker&quot;&gt;Speaker:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;speaker&quot;&gt;NPTA Faculty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Course Details&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/strong&gt;The course requirements include:&lt;br&gt;
	- 10 Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
	- 1 Days Hands-On Training&lt;br&gt;
	- 5 Process Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/chemo-certification-learning-objectives/&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;Complete Learning Objectives&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;How the Course Works&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/strong&gt;Participants must complete ten separate modules of home-based learning, comprised of a reading assignment and comprehensive exams.&amp;nbsp;A score of 70% or higher is required&amp;nbsp;for each exam. &amp;nbsp;After completing the home-based study modules, participants attend and complete NPTA&amp;rsquo;s one-day &lt;em&gt;Hazardous Drugs Training Institute&lt;/em&gt;, located at the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?1393&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ee8e38&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in Houston, Texas.&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Home Study Modules&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/strong&gt;- What are Hazardous Drugs&lt;br&gt;
	- ASHP and Other Guidelines&lt;br&gt;
	- Receipt, Storage, Labeling &amp;amp; Transport&lt;br&gt;
	- Risk Assessment, Controls &amp;amp; Medical Surveillance&lt;br&gt;
	- Biological Safety Cabinets&lt;br&gt;
	- Isolators&lt;br&gt;
	- Personal Protective Equipment&lt;br&gt;
	- Aseptic Technique&lt;br&gt;
	- Decontamination, Waste Disposal &amp;amp; Spill Control&lt;br&gt;
	- Comprehensive Final Exam&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;Training &amp;amp; Technique Validations&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/strong&gt;- Aseptic Hand Washing &amp;amp; Garbing&lt;br&gt;
	- Decontamination &amp;amp; Deactivation of a BSC&lt;br&gt;
	- Hazardous Liquid Vial Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
	- Hazardous Powder Vial Manipulation&lt;br&gt;
	- Hazardous Ampule Manipulations&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&amp;nbsp;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff&quot;&gt;Tuition Fee&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;$498 Members&lt;br&gt;
		$598 Non-Members&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff&quot;&gt;Please note: This course is non-refundable and non-transferable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff&quot;&gt;Rescheduling is subject to a $250 change fee and is based on availability.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;
		&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff&quot;&gt;What&#39;s Included &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: yellow&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;Tuition includes: &lt;em&gt;Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs &lt;/em&gt;textbook by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, online course content access, one day of hands-on training/validations, lunch/snacks on training day,&amp;nbsp;use of laboratory equipment and supplies,&amp;nbsp;statement of CE credit and an Official&amp;nbsp;Certificate of Validated Training, upon successful completion.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;NPTA Training Institute
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cev/389</guid>

			<pubDate>Wed, 20 Jun 2012 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1231/</link>
			<title>Constructing the Pharmacy Technician Resum&#233;</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/44473/iStock_000012965020XSmall.jpg&quot; style=&quot;width: 168px; height: 111px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Having a polished resum&amp;eacute; is a must when looking for a job.&amp;nbsp; Putting together a pharmacy technician &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;resum&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; is a task that takes some thought and planning if you wish to have one that is well formed and hope to land a pharmacy technician job.&amp;nbsp; Here are some tips to get you started.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&amp;nbsp; The objective.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; Having a clear objective is imperative.&amp;nbsp; Also, be sure to state whether or not you are a certified pharmacy technician.&amp;nbsp; The distinction between a certified or uncertified technician means your knowledge base of the field is larger and also will mean a higher pay scale (in most cases).&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&amp;nbsp; Internships &amp;amp; externships.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; Including all internships and externships on your &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;resum&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; will count for a lot.&amp;nbsp; Hands on employment in a pharmacy along with academic courses will show that you have had some &amp;lsquo;real world&amp;rsquo; training in your field.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.&amp;nbsp; Actual work experience.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt; Listing all of your employment shows stability in work history.&amp;nbsp; If you do not have a lot of actual work history in a pharmacy still include other types of jobs as this will make up for work not performed in a pharmacy setting.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.&amp;nbsp; Education.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; Obtaining a pharmacy technician certificate or associates degree can help you get the job you desire.&amp;nbsp; Most pharmacies require applicants to have some sort of academic book knowledge as the pharmacy field is a continuous and ever changing field.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5.&amp;nbsp; Organizational memberships.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; Create a separate heading to list memberships to any professional organizations like the National Pharmacy Technician Association.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;These tips will give you a good start in creating an organized and well-planned &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;resum&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; any employer will love.&amp;nbsp; Writing a conscience &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;resum&amp;eacute;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; is one of the many steps you will take in obtaining your dream job.&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;16-May-12 3:15 PM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Constructing the Pharmacy Technician Resum&#233;</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	 
		
	 
		Having a polished resum&amp;eacute; is a must when looking for a job.  Putting together a pharmacy technician resum&amp;eacute; is a task that takes some thought and planning if you wish to have one that is well formed and hope to land a pharmacy technician job.  Here are some tips to get you started. 
	 
		 
		
	
		1.  The objective.  Having a clear objective is imperative.  Also, be sure to state whether or not you are a certified pharmacy technician.  The distinction between a certified or uncertified technician means your knowledge base of the field is larger and also will mean a higher pay scale (in most cases).   
	
		 
		
	
		2.  Internships &amp; externships.  Including all internships and externships on your resum&amp;eacute; will count for a lot.  Hands on employment in a pharmacy along with academic courses will show that you have had some 'real world' training in your field. 
	
		 
		
	
		3.  Actual work experience.  Listing all of your employment shows stability in work history.  If you do not have a lot of actual work history in a pharmacy still include other types of jobs as this will make up for work not performed in a pharmacy setting.    
	
		 
		
	
		4.  Education.  Obtaining a pharmacy technician certificate or associates degree can help you get the job you desire.  Most pharmacies require applicants to have some sort of academic book knowledge as the pharmacy field is a continuous and ever changing field. 
	
		 
		
	
		5.  Organizational memberships.  Create a separate heading to list memberships to any professional organizations like the National Pharmacy Technician Association. 
	 
		 
		
	 
		These tips will give you a good start in creating an organized and well-planned resum&amp;eacute; any employer will love.  Writing a conscience resum&amp;eacute; is one of the many steps you will take in obtaining your dream job. 
		

</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1231/</guid>
			<author>Jennifer O'Reilly - noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Wed, 16 May 2012 20:15:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1230/</link>
			<title>Mental Health Month:  A Time to Remember</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;201&quot; src=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/44473/MHM2012.gif&quot; width=&quot;147&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The month of May is one of many remembrances and NPTA encourages pharmacy technicians to take time out of their busy schedules to remember Mental Health Month.&amp;nbsp; According to a national survey conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 45.9 million adult Americans were diagnosed with a mental illness in 2011.&amp;nbsp; In commemorating mental health month we must remember these illnesses and conditions are not only treatable, but also curable.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In 1949 mental health month was established to inform and increase awareness of the imperative nature of mental health, help establish wellness, and rejoice in recovery from mental illnesses.&amp;nbsp; There are many individuals who are uninsured and continued to be uninsured, leaving many without help to treat their conditions.&amp;nbsp; By 2016, the Affordable Healthcare Act will expand and assist in providing health insurance to the uninsured to treat various illnesses and conditions (including mental health services and treatment).&amp;nbsp; This coverage will provide insurance for about 30 million Americans that do not have insurance.&amp;nbsp; More strides are in store the treatment of mental illness and new acts such as the Affordable Healthcare Act are just the start in better services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Mental Health Month gives all of us a valuable opportunity to celebrate the tremendous strides this nation has made in promoting mental health and increasing the public&amp;rsquo;s knowledge that effective services and support are available&amp;rdquo; said Kathleen Sebelius, Health and Human Services Secretary.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sources:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1.&amp;nbsp; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration web page. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.samhsa.gov/&quot;&gt;www.samhsa.gov&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp; Date of Access:&amp;nbsp; 15 May 2012.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;2.&amp;nbsp; Health &amp;amp; Human Services Press.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;Statement from HHS Secretary Kathleen&amp;nbsp; Sebelius on Mental Health Month.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; 11 May 2012.&amp;nbsp; Date of Access:&amp;nbsp; 15 May 2012.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;15-May-12 2:00 PM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Mental Health Month:  A Time to Remember</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	 
		
	 
		The month of May is one of many remembrances and NPTA encourages pharmacy technicians to take time out of their busy schedules to remember Mental Health Month.  According to a national survey conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 45.9 million adult Americans were diagnosed with a mental illness in 2011.  In commemorating mental health month we must remember these illnesses and conditions are not only treatable, but also curable. 
	 
		 
		
	 
		In 1949 mental health month was established to inform and increase awareness of the imperative nature of mental health, help establish wellness, and rejoice in recovery from mental illnesses.  There are many individuals who are uninsured and continued to be uninsured, leaving many without help to treat their conditions.  By 2016, the Affordable Healthcare Act will expand and assist in providing health insurance to the uninsured to treat various illnesses and conditions (including mental health services and treatment).  This coverage will provide insurance for about 30 million Americans that do not have insurance.  More strides are in store the treatment of mental illness and new acts such as the Affordable Healthcare Act are just the start in better services.
	 
		 
		
	 
		&quot;Mental Health Month gives all of us a valuable opportunity to celebrate the tremendous strides this nation has made in promoting mental health and increasing the public's knowledge that effective services and support are available&quot; said Kathleen Sebelius, Health and Human Services Secretary. 
	 
		 
		
	 
		Sources: 
	 
		1.  Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration web page. www.samhsa.gov.  Date of Access:  15 May 2012.   
	 
		 
		
	 
		2.  Health &amp; Human Services Press.  &quot;Statement from HHS Secretary Kathleen  Sebelius on Mental Health Month.&quot;  11 May 2012.  Date of Access:  15 May 2012.                    
		

</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1230/</guid>
			<author>Jennifer O'Reilly - noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Tue, 15 May 2012 19:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1229/</link>
			<title>Safe Use Class of Drugs: Will it Become a Reality?</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		The FDA recently published a notice concerning the possibility of a &amp;lsquo;safe use&amp;rsquo; class of drugs, which would enable pharmacists to dispense some medications without a prescription.&amp;nbsp; While the American Pharmacists Association (AphA) approves of the new drug class idea, other groups such as the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) oppose the possibility of a safe use class.&amp;nbsp; In a recent article published on MedPage Today, Thomas Menighan, CEO of the AphA, said making a safe use category could greatly improve access to drugs as pharmacists are the most easily accessed healthcare provider for many patients.&amp;nbsp; However, there are cons to adding this new class of drugs such as patients skipping visits to the doctor and giving them access to drugs that should not be prescribed without doctor&amp;rsquo;s orders.&amp;nbsp; If the safe use class of drugs went into effect it could also change certain rules and regulations pharmacy technicians have studied in their courses and also what they have been taught in the hands-on pharmacy setting.&amp;nbsp; Protocol as to how technicians should handle safe use drugs would need to be addressed across the board as well.&amp;nbsp; For the FDA to make a decision about a safe use drug and allow the pharmacist to dispense the medication it must meet the following criteria:&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&amp;middot;&amp;nbsp; The drug must not be addictive.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&amp;middot;&amp;nbsp; It must not have a large toxicity if the drug was overdosed.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&amp;middot;&amp;nbsp; Patients must be able to self&amp;ndash;diagnose conditions for proper use.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&amp;middot;&amp;nbsp; Patients should be able to take the drug without a doctor&amp;rsquo;s screening.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		As of my report, the FDA is still seeking comments on the proposal.&amp;nbsp; Currently, it remains to be seen whether or not the new safe use class will be approved by the government agency.&amp;nbsp; NPTA will keep pharmacy technicians informed of the FDA&amp;rsquo;s decision.&amp;nbsp; As pharmacy technicians what do you think about the possibility of a &amp;lsquo;safe use&amp;rsquo; class of drugs?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		Sources:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		1.&amp;nbsp; Walker, Emily P.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;AAFP Says No to &amp;lsquo;Safe Use&amp;rsquo; Class of Drugs.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; MedPage Today.&amp;nbsp; 1 May 2012.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medpagetoday.com/Washington-Watch/FDAGeneral/32452&quot;&gt;http://www.medpagetoday.com/Washington-Watch/FDAGeneral/32452&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		2.&amp;nbsp; American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) &lt;a href=&quot;#_msocom_1&quot; id=&quot;_anchor_1&quot; name=&quot;_msoanchor_1&quot;&gt;[JSO1]&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;#_msocom_2&quot; id=&quot;_anchor_2&quot; name=&quot;_msoanchor_2&quot;&gt;[JSO2]&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Staff Reports.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;FDA Proposal to Allow Pharmacists to Prescribe Some Drugs Sparks Swift Rebuke from AAFP.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; 2 May 2012.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/publications/news/news-now/government-medicine/20120502pharmprescribing.html&quot;&gt;http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/publications/news/news-now/government-medicine/20120502pharmprescribing.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		3.&amp;nbsp; FDA Federal Register Notice.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-28/pdf/2012-4597.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-28/pdf/2012-4597.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;11-May-12 1:00 PM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Safe Use Class of Drugs: Will it Become a Reality?</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	 
		The FDA recently published a notice concerning the possibility of a 'safe use' class of drugs, which would enable pharmacists to dispense some medications without a prescription.  While the American Pharmacists Association (AphA) approves of the new drug class idea, other groups such as the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) oppose the possibility of a safe use class.  In a recent article published on MedPage Today, Thomas Menighan, CEO of the AphA, said making a safe use category could greatly improve access to drugs as pharmacists are the most easily accessed healthcare provider for many patients.  However, there are cons to adding this new class of drugs such as patients skipping visits to the doctor and giving them access to drugs that should not be prescribed without doctor's orders.  If the safe use class of drugs went into effect it could also change certain rules and regulations pharmacy technicians have studied in their courses and also what they have been taught in the hands-on pharmacy setting.  Protocol as to how technicians should handle safe use drugs would need to be addressed across the board as well.  For the FDA to make a decision about a safe use drug and allow the pharmacist to dispense the medication it must meet the following criteria:
	 
		 
	
		&amp;middot;  The drug must not be addictive. 
	
		&amp;middot;  It must not have a large toxicity if the drug was overdosed. 
	
		&amp;middot;  Patients must be able to self-diagnose conditions for proper use. 
	
		&amp;middot;  Patients should be able to take the drug without a doctor's screening. 
	 
		 
	 
		As of my report, the FDA is still seeking comments on the proposal.  Currently, it remains to be seen whether or not the new safe use class will be approved by the government agency.  NPTA will keep pharmacy technicians informed of the FDA's decision.  As pharmacy technicians what do you think about the possibility of a 'safe use' class of drugs? 
	 
		 
	 
		Sources: 
	 
		1.  Walker, Emily P.  &quot;AAFP Says No to 'Safe Use' Class of Drugs.&quot;  MedPage Today.  1 May 2012.  http://www.medpagetoday.com/Washington-Watch/FDAGeneral/32452
	 
		 
	 
		2.  American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) [JSO1] [JSO2] Staff Reports.  &quot;FDA Proposal to Allow Pharmacists to Prescribe Some Drugs Sparks Swift Rebuke from AAFP.&quot;  2 May 2012.  http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/publications/news/news-now/government-medicine/20120502pharmprescribing.html
	 
		 
	 
		3.  FDA Federal Register Notice.  http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-28/pdf/2012-4597.pdf

</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1229/</guid>
			<author>Jennifer O'Reilly - noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 11 May 2012 18:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1228/</link>
			<title>Truvada Likely to be Approved for the Prevention of HIV</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/44473/Truvada.jpg&quot; style=&quot;width: 325px; height: 210px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The war on HIV cures and prevention has been an issue for many decades.&amp;nbsp; Truvada is a drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration to manage symptoms of HIV and is currently being considered for the prevention of HIV.&amp;nbsp; Many questions are being raised about the medication as to whether it will reduce condom use, encourage risky sexual activity, and decrease safe sex practices.&amp;nbsp; According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 1.1 million Americans have contracted HIV.&amp;nbsp; Although Truvada seems like a wonder drug, the yearly cost of the prescription will run $11,000 a year.&amp;nbsp; If the FDA approves the new prevention usage, questions about insurance coverage may come about due to the high price tag.&amp;nbsp; Currently, Gilead Sciences, Inc, the makers of Truvada offer a co-pay assistance program for patients to help cut down on the medications costs.&amp;nbsp; Patients can save up to $200 on their monthly prescription for a year.&amp;nbsp; In a recent article published on Bloomberg.com, Ken Mayer, medical research director at the Fenway Institute commented on Truvada.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;I think it would be a mistake for the FDA not to approve this indication,&amp;rdquo; Mayer said.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;If we can figure out how to use this most effectively we can really put a dent in the number of new infections&amp;rdquo; said Mayer.&amp;nbsp; As of my report, the FDA has a favorable opinion right now of approving Truvada to prevent HIV infection in individuals who are considered to be at high risk for infection.&amp;nbsp; For more detailed information concerning Truvada, pharmacy technicians should visit the Truvada web site by going to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.truvada.com/&quot;&gt;www.truvada.com&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sources:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1.&amp;nbsp; Moisse, Katie.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;Truvada for HIV Prevention:&amp;nbsp; Pros, Cons of Popping a Pill.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; Good Morning America/Yahoo News.&amp;nbsp; Date of Access:&amp;nbsp; 9 May 2012.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://gma.yahoo.com/truvada-hiv-prevention-pros-cons-popping-pill-194222018--abc-news-wellness.html&quot;&gt;http://gma.yahoo.com/truvada-hiv-prevention-pros-cons-popping-pill-194222018--abc-news-wellness.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;2.&amp;nbsp; Pettypiece, Shannon, &amp;amp; Ryan Flinn.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;Gilead&amp;rsquo;s Truvada Pill Is Safe for HIV Prevention.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; Bloomberg.com.&amp;nbsp; 8 May 2012.&amp;nbsp; Date of Access:&amp;nbsp; 9 May 2012.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-08/gilead-hiv-pill-shown-safe-in-studies-fda-staff-report-says.html&quot;&gt;http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-08/gilead-hiv-pill-shown-safe-in-studies-fda-staff-report-says.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.&amp;nbsp; Truvada Web Site.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.truvada.com/&quot;&gt;www.truvada.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;4.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;CDC&amp;rsquo;s HIV Prevention Progress in the United States.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/&quot;&gt;www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;5.&amp;nbsp; Dotinga, Randy.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;FDA Panel Seems to Back Pill to Help Prevent HIV.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; US News and World Report.&amp;nbsp; 9 May 2012.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2012/05/09/fda-panel-seems-to-back-pill-to-help-prevent-hiv&quot;&gt;http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2012/05/09/fda-panel-seems-to-back-pill-to-help-prevent-hiv&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;10-May-12 8:00 AM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Truvada Likely to be Approved for the Prevention of HIV</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	 
		
	 
		The war on HIV cures and prevention has been an issue for many decades.  Truvada is a drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration to manage symptoms of HIV and is currently being considered for the prevention of HIV.  Many questions are being raised about the medication as to whether it will reduce condom use, encourage risky sexual activity, and decrease safe sex practices.  According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 1.1 million Americans have contracted HIV.  Although Truvada seems like a wonder drug, the yearly cost of the prescription will run $11,000 a year.  If the FDA approves the new prevention usage, questions about insurance coverage may come about due to the high price tag.  Currently, Gilead Sciences, Inc, the makers of Truvada offer a co-pay assistance program for patients to help cut down on the medications costs.  Patients can save up to $200 on their monthly prescription for a year.  In a recent article published on Bloomberg.com, Ken Mayer, medical research director at the Fenway Institute commented on Truvada.  &quot;I think it would be a mistake for the FDA not to approve this indication,&quot; Mayer said.  &quot;If we can figure out how to use this most effectively we can really put a dent in the number of new infections&quot; said Mayer.  As of my report, the FDA has a favorable opinion right now of approving Truvada to prevent HIV infection in individuals who are considered to be at high risk for infection.  For more detailed information concerning Truvada, pharmacy technicians should visit the Truvada web site by going to www.truvada.com.      
	 
		 
		
	 
		Sources: 
	 
		 
		
	 
		1.  Moisse, Katie.  &quot;Truvada for HIV Prevention:  Pros, Cons of Popping a Pill.&quot;  Good Morning America/Yahoo News.  Date of Access:  9 May 2012.  http://gma.yahoo.com/truvada-hiv-prevention-pros-cons-popping-pill-194222018--abc-news-wellness.html
	 
		 
		
	 
		2.  Pettypiece, Shannon, &amp; Ryan Flinn.  &quot;Gilead's Truvada Pill Is Safe for HIV Prevention.&quot;  Bloomberg.com.  8 May 2012.  Date of Access:  9 May 2012.  http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-08/gilead-hiv-pill-shown-safe-in-studies-fda-staff-report-says.html
	 
		 
		
	 
		3.  Truvada Web Site.  www.truvada.com
	 
		 
		
	 
		4.  &quot;CDC's HIV Prevention Progress in the United States.&quot;  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets
	 
		 
		
	 
		5.  Dotinga, Randy.  &quot;FDA Panel Seems to Back Pill to Help Prevent HIV.&quot;  US News and World Report.  9 May 2012.  http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2012/05/09/fda-panel-seems-to-back-pill-to-help-prevent-hiv
	 
		 
		

</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1228/</guid>
			<author>Jennifer O'Reilly - noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 10 May 2012 13:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1226/</link>
			<title>E-Prescribing and the Pharmacy Technician</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/44473/29-DIGI-popup.jpg&quot; style=&quot;width: 111px; height: 217px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pharmacy Technicians know the importance of absolute accuracy in prescriptions and the need for error free prescribing every time they are given an order to fill or assist the pharmacist in fulfilling the order.&amp;nbsp; In the pharmacy profession there is no r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;oom for errors.&amp;nbsp; According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services e-prescribing can be defined as a doctor&amp;rsquo;s ability to electronically submit an accurate prescription directly to a pharmacy from the point of care.&amp;nbsp; In a recent article published in the New York Times by Randall Stross, research found 37 errors for every 100 paper prescriptions compared to 7 per 100 for individuals that used e-prescribing programs and software.&amp;nbsp; The article also goes on to report only about 36 percent of all Rx&amp;rsquo;s were sent electronically in the U.S. in 2011.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;With the invention of e-prescribing Pharmacy Technicians may find they may need to attend training on electronic prescribing and protocol in the pharmacy may change as more pharmacies adapt to more efficient and electronically savy ways of doing business.&amp;nbsp; Electronic prescribing also cuts down on the cost of medication errors caused due to bad hand writing and misinterpretation of Rx&amp;rsquo;s by those working in the pharmacy.&amp;nbsp; Medication errors can result in death, serious illness, and legal consequences.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sources:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1.&amp;nbsp; CMS Web Page.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;E-Prescribing.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.&amp;nbsp; Date of Access:&amp;nbsp; 7 May 2012.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/E-Health/Eprescribing/index.html?redirect=/EPrescribing/&quot;&gt;http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/E-Health/Eprescribing/index.html?redirect=/EPrescribing/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;2.&amp;nbsp; Stross, Randall.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;Chicken Scratches vs. Electronic Prescriptions.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; 20 Apr 2012.&amp;nbsp; Date of Access:&amp;nbsp; 7 May 2012.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/29/business/e-prescriptions-reduce-errors-but-their-adoption-is-slow.html&quot;&gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/29/business/e-prescriptions-reduce-errors-but-their-adoption-is-slow.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;8-May-12 8:00 AM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>E-Prescribing and the Pharmacy Technician</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	 
		
	 
		Pharmacy Technicians know the importance of absolute accuracy in prescriptions and the need for error free prescribing every time they are given an order to fill or assist the pharmacist in fulfilling the order.  In the pharmacy profession there is no room for errors.  According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services e-prescribing can be defined as a doctor's ability to electronically submit an accurate prescription directly to a pharmacy from the point of care.  In a recent article published in the New York Times by Randall Stross, research found 37 errors for every 100 paper prescriptions compared to 7 per 100 for individuals that used e-prescribing programs and software.  The article also goes on to report only about 36 percent of all Rx's were sent electronically in the U.S. in 2011.    
	 
		 
		
	 
		With the invention of e-prescribing Pharmacy Technicians may find they may need to attend training on electronic prescribing and protocol in the pharmacy may change as more pharmacies adapt to more efficient and electronically savy ways of doing business.  Electronic prescribing also cuts down on the cost of medication errors caused due to bad hand writing and misinterpretation of Rx's by those working in the pharmacy.  Medication errors can result in death, serious illness, and legal consequences.    
	 
		 
		
	 
		Sources: 
	 
		1.  CMS Web Page.  &quot;E-Prescribing.&quot;  Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.  Date of Access:  7 May 2012.  http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/E-Health/Eprescribing/index.html?redirect=/EPrescribing/
	 
		 
		
	 
		2.  Stross, Randall.  &quot;Chicken Scratches vs. Electronic Prescriptions.&quot;  20 Apr 2012.  Date of Access:  7 May 2012.  http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/29/business/e-prescriptions-reduce-errors-but-their-adoption-is-slow.html

</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1226/</guid>
			<author>Jennifer O'Reilly - noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Tue, 08 May 2012 13:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1225/</link>
			<title>Tips for Finding a Pharmacy Technician Job</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/44473/image-jobsearch.jpg&quot; style=&quot;width: 220px; height: 147px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		Looking for work can be a stressful task and even more of a challenge if you are a new graduate or have been out of the employment loop for a long time.&amp;nbsp; Featured here are some tips for finding jobs in the pharmacy technician field.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		1.&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Education&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;nbsp; Ask yourself if you have obtained enough education and knowledge to work as a pharmacy technician.&amp;nbsp; Without the proper academic book knowledge and sound professional courses a job seeker will not be prepared for the demands of working in a pharmacy.&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		2.&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;On the job training&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;nbsp; Another question to ask yourself is if you have obtained the proper training to do the job.&amp;nbsp; Landing an internship or externship is a good way to get hands on experience in a pharmacy.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		3.&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Connect.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; Surround yourself with professional organizations like the National Pharmacy Technician Association.&amp;nbsp; Being well connected can help job seekers find out about job opportunities and professional connections as well as a chance to make lasting friendships in the field.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		4.&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;References.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; Learn as much as possible while you are in a pharmacy technician educational program and get to know your professors and teachers.&amp;nbsp; They can give you a much needed reference when you are first looking for a job in the pharmacy field.&amp;nbsp; Most instructors are more than happy to speak highly about their star pupils.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px;&quot;&gt;
		5.&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Job search engines and web sites.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp; Often times the best pharmacy technician jobs are found by going to the sites of a potential employer you wish to get a job.&amp;nbsp; For example, most community and hospital pharmacies have job boards where potential candidates can look for available pharmacy technician work.&amp;nbsp; Another option is to visit web sites such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.healthcare.monster.com/&quot;&gt;www.monster.com&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacyweek.com/&quot;&gt;www.pharmacyweek.com&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rxcareercenter.com/&quot;&gt;www.rxcareercenter.com&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.careerbuilder.com/&quot;&gt;www.careerbuilder.com&lt;/a&gt; for posted employment opportunities.&amp;nbsp; Listed are a few of the most comprehensive sites.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		These are just a few tips you may find useful when trying to land your first Pharmacy Technician gig.&amp;nbsp; There are simply too many career tips to mention here, but this list will give the pharmacy technician job seeker a head start.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;4-May-12 1:00 PM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Tips for Finding a Pharmacy Technician Job</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	 
		
	 
		Looking for work can be a stressful task and even more of a challenge if you are a new graduate or have been out of the employment loop for a long time.  Featured here are some tips for finding jobs in the pharmacy technician field. 
	 
		 
	
		1.  Education.  Ask yourself if you have obtained enough education and knowledge to work as a pharmacy technician.  Without the proper academic book knowledge and sound professional courses a job seeker will not be prepared for the demands of working in a pharmacy.
	
		 
	
		2.  On the job training.  Another question to ask yourself is if you have obtained the proper training to do the job.  Landing an internship or externship is a good way to get hands on experience in a pharmacy. 
	
		 
	
		3.  Connect.  Surround yourself with professional organizations like the National Pharmacy Technician Association.  Being well connected can help job seekers find out about job opportunities and professional connections as well as a chance to make lasting friendships in the field. 
	
		 
	
		4.  References.  Learn as much as possible while you are in a pharmacy technician educational program and get to know your professors and teachers.  They can give you a much needed reference when you are first looking for a job in the pharmacy field.  Most instructors are more than happy to speak highly about their star pupils. 
	
		 
	
		5.  Job search engines and web sites.  Often times the best pharmacy technician jobs are found by going to the sites of a potential employer you wish to get a job.  For example, most community and hospital pharmacies have job boards where potential candidates can look for available pharmacy technician work.  Another option is to visit web sites such as www.monster.com, www.pharmacyweek.com, www.rxcareercenter.com, and www.careerbuilder.com for posted employment opportunities.  Listed are a few of the most comprehensive sites.                   
	 
		 
	 
		These are just a few tips you may find useful when trying to land your first Pharmacy Technician gig.  There are simply too many career tips to mention here, but this list will give the pharmacy technician job seeker a head start. 

</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1225/</guid>
			<author>Jennifer O'Reilly - noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 04 May 2012 18:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1223/</link>
			<title>May is Arthritis Awareness Month</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/44473/iStock_000014311861Medium.jpg&quot; style=&quot;width: 179px; height: 151px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The month of May brings with it many health observances.&amp;nbsp; One of those is Arthritis Awareness Month.&amp;nbsp; There are over 100 types of arthritis and the condition can be disabling.&amp;nbsp; The basic definition of arthritis is inflammation of the joints.&amp;nbsp; The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report approximately 50 million adults report doctor diagnosed arthritis.&amp;nbsp; Many individuals believe that arthritis affects only older people.&amp;nbsp; This is not true.&amp;nbsp; The condition also affects 1 of every 250 children.&amp;nbsp; Arthritis includes many uncomfortable symptoms including pain, fatigue, stiffness, inflammation, anxiety, and also depression.&amp;nbsp; It is also a main cause of disability in adults and children.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Coping with arthritis and its symptoms means learning as much as possible about the condition and treatment options enabling patients to live a healthy and productive life.&amp;nbsp; Treatment options for arthritis range from surgery, OTC drugs, prescription medications, alternative therapies, acupuncture, hypnosis, herbal, and dietary supplements.&amp;nbsp; Symptoms of depression and anxiety can be treated with medication, therapy, or a combination of both.&amp;nbsp; Pain management can also assist patients in living better and productive lives.&amp;nbsp; Patients that suffer from arthritis do not have to live in pain &amp;ndash; many treatment options exist and those treatment options can be discussed with a patient&amp;rsquo;s doctor, pharmacist, and pharmacy technician.&amp;nbsp; Arthritis Awareness Month and more information about the condition can be found by going to the Arthritis Foundation home page at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arthritis.org/&quot;&gt;www.arthritis.org&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sources:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1.&amp;nbsp; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;Arthritis &amp;ndash; At A Glance.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; 12 Apr 2012.&amp;nbsp; Date of Access:&amp;nbsp; 2 May 2012.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/pdf/2012/Arthritis-AAG-2012_508.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/pdf/2012/Arthritis-AAG-2012_508.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;2.&amp;nbsp; Arthritis Today.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;Arthritis Symptoms.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; Date of Access:&amp;nbsp; 2 May 2012.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arthritistoday.org/symptoms&quot;&gt;www.arthritistoday.org/symptoms&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.&amp;nbsp; Arthritis Today.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;Arthritis Treatments.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; Date of Access:&amp;nbsp; 2 May 2012.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arthritistoday.org/treatments&quot;&gt;www.arthritistoday.org/treatments&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;4.&amp;nbsp; Arthritis Foundation.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;Osteoarthritis.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; Date of Access:&amp;nbsp; 2 May 2012.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.arthritis.org/osteoarthritis&quot;&gt;www.arthritis.org/osteoarthritis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;3-May-12 7:00 AM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>May is Arthritis Awareness Month</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	 
		
	 
		The month of May brings with it many health observances.  One of those is Arthritis Awareness Month.  There are over 100 types of arthritis and the condition can be disabling.  The basic definition of arthritis is inflammation of the joints.  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report approximately 50 million adults report doctor diagnosed arthritis.  Many individuals believe that arthritis affects only older people.  This is not true.  The condition also affects 1 of every 250 children.  Arthritis includes many uncomfortable symptoms including pain, fatigue, stiffness, inflammation, anxiety, and also depression.  It is also a main cause of disability in adults and children.        
	 
		 
		
	 
		Coping with arthritis and its symptoms means learning as much as possible about the condition and treatment options enabling patients to live a healthy and productive life.  Treatment options for arthritis range from surgery, OTC drugs, prescription medications, alternative therapies, acupuncture, hypnosis, herbal, and dietary supplements.  Symptoms of depression and anxiety can be treated with medication, therapy, or a combination of both.  Pain management can also assist patients in living better and productive lives.  Patients that suffer from arthritis do not have to live in pain - many treatment options exist and those treatment options can be discussed with a patient's doctor, pharmacist, and pharmacy technician.  Arthritis Awareness Month and more information about the condition can be found by going to the Arthritis Foundation home page at www.arthritis.org. 
	 
		 
		
	 
		 
		
	 
		Sources: 
	 
		1.  National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.  &quot;Arthritis - At A Glance.&quot;  12 Apr 2012.  Date of Access:  2 May 2012.  http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/pdf/2012/Arthritis-AAG-2012_508.pdf
	 
		 
		
	 
		2.  Arthritis Today.  &quot;Arthritis Symptoms.&quot;  Date of Access:  2 May 2012. 
	 
		www.arthritistoday.org/symptoms
	 
		 
		
	 
		3.  Arthritis Today.  &quot;Arthritis Treatments.&quot;  Date of Access:  2 May 2012.  www.arthritistoday.org/treatments
	 
		 
		
	 
		4.  Arthritis Foundation.  &quot;Osteoarthritis.&quot;  Date of Access:  2 May 2012.  www.arthritis.org/osteoarthritis

</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1223/</guid>
			<author>Jennifer O'Reilly - noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 03 May 2012 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1218/</link>
			<title>NPTA's Magazine Receives Award from ASHPE</title>
			<description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;198&quot; src=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/3/ASHPE award.JPG&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
	&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
	Today&#39;s Technician magazine, which is published by the National Pharmacy Technician Association (NPTA), has been recognized by the American Society of Healthcare Publication Editors (ASHPE) for editorial excellence and achievement in the field of healthcare publishing. Today&#39;s Technician magazine received the Bronze Award in Best Opening Page/Spread: Computer-Generated for our Annual Report feature &amp;quot;Making Connections,&amp;quot; published in Volume 12 Issue 1.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
	&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
	&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;img align=&quot;left&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;129&quot; src=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/3/cover_v12_1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;100&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;margin-left: 40px; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;
		&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;This is a great honor, especially considering that Today&#39;s Technician magazine was the only healthcare publication related to pharmacy practice to receive a 2012 ASHPE award. The credit for this award truly belongs to Laurel Goodroe, our Director of Media Design &amp;amp; Communications.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: right;&quot;&gt;
		Mike Johnston, CPhT&lt;br&gt;
		Chairman &amp;amp; CEO, NPTA&lt;br&gt;
		Publisher, Today&#39;s Technician magazine&lt;br&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
	&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
	&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;About NPTA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;NPTA, the National Pharmacy Technician Association, is the world&#39;s largest professional organization established specifically for pharmacy technicians. The association is dedicated to advancing the value of pharmacy technicians and the vital roles they play in pharmaceutical care. In a society of countless associations, we believe it takes much more than a mission statement to meet the professional needs and provide the needed leadership for the pharmacy technician profession - it takes action and results.&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	Serving more than 30,000 individuals, the organization is composed of pharmacy technicians practicing in a variety of practice settings, such as: retail, independent, hospital, mail-order, home care, long term care, nuclear, military, correctional facility, formal education, training, management, sales and many more.&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
	&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;About ASHPE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
	The American Society of Healthcare Publication Editors is dedicated to enhancing the knowledge and skills of healthcare publication editors, and thereby expanding their value to, and contribution of, the publications they serve.&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;1-May-12 2:00 PM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>NPTA's Magazine Receives Award from ASHPE</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	
 
	 
 
	Today&#39;s Technician magazine, which is published by the National Pharmacy Technician Association (NPTA), has been recognized by the American Society of Healthcare Publication Editors (ASHPE) for editorial excellence and achievement in the field of healthcare publishing. Today&#39;s Technician magazine received the Bronze Award in Best Opening Page/Spread: Computer-Generated for our Annual Report feature &quot;Making Connections,&quot; published in Volume 12 Issue 1.
 
	 
 
	 
 
	

	
		 
	
		&quot;This is a great honor, especially considering that Today&#39;s Technician magazine was the only healthcare publication related to pharmacy practice to receive a 2012 ASHPE award. The credit for this award truly belongs to Laurel Goodroe, our Director of Media Design &amp; Communications.&quot;
	
		 
	
		Mike Johnston, CPhT 
		Chairman &amp; CEO, NPTA 
		Publisher, Today&#39;s Technician magazine 
		 
	 
		 

 
	 
 
	 
 
	About NPTA
 
	NPTA, the National Pharmacy Technician Association, is the world&#39;s largest professional organization established specifically for pharmacy technicians. The association is dedicated to advancing the value of pharmacy technicians and the vital roles they play in pharmaceutical care. In a society of countless associations, we believe it takes much more than a mission statement to meet the professional needs and provide the needed leadership for the pharmacy technician profession - it takes action and results. 
	 
	Serving more than 30,000 individuals, the organization is composed of pharmacy technicians practicing in a variety of practice settings, such as: retail, independent, hospital, mail-order, home care, long term care, nuclear, military, correctional facility, formal education, training, management, sales and many more. 
	 
	
 
	 
 
	About ASHPE
 
	The American Society of Healthcare Publication Editors is dedicated to enhancing the knowledge and skills of healthcare publication editors, and thereby expanding their value to, and contribution of, the publications they serve.
</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1218/</guid>
			<author>NPTA  - noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Tue, 01 May 2012 19:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1217/</link>
			<title>Food and Drug Administration Approves New Fast Acting Drug To Treat ED</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/44473/iStock_000016264793XSmall.jpg&quot; style=&quot;width: 228px; height: 151px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;On April 27&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;, 2012, the Food and Drug Administration approved a new drug to treat the problem of erectile dysfunction (ED).&amp;nbsp; According to a recent release from the FDA, approximately 30 million males are troubled by the condition.&amp;nbsp; The fast acting drug called Stendra (avanafil) works as an as needed pill which men would take about 30 minutes before sexual activity.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;This approval expands the available treatment options to men experiencing erectile dysfunction, and enables patients, in consultation with their doctor, to choose the most appropriate treatment for their needs,&amp;rdquo; said Victoria Kusiak, M.D., deputy director of the office of Drug Evaluation III in the FDA&amp;rsquo;s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The lowest dose of Stendra should be prescribed to males meet their individual needs.&amp;nbsp; ED is defined as trouble obtaining an erection or keeping an erection.&amp;nbsp; The condition is treatable, manageable, and curable.&amp;nbsp; Stendra is a medication called a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor which are generally successful in increasing blood flow to the penis.&amp;nbsp; Males should be careful not to take Stendra with nitrates as the combination can cause a dangerous decrease of blood pressure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Stendra is the first of a new generation of PDE5 inhibitors, and the approval marks an exciting new milestone for the millions of men suffering from erectile dysfunction who are in need of a new treatment option,&amp;rdquo; said Dr. Wayne Hellstrom, Professor of Urology and Chief of Andrology (male infertility and sexual dysfunction) at Tulane University School of Medicine in New Orleans, LA.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Stendra has been approved in 50, 100, and 200 mg doses and is marketed by Vivus, Inc.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sources:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1.&amp;nbsp; Berkrot, Bill.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;FDA Approves Vivus&amp;rsquo;s Fast-Acting Viagra Rival.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; Reuters.com.&amp;nbsp; 27 Apr 2012.&amp;nbsp; Date of Access:&amp;nbsp; 28 Apr 2012.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/27/us-vivus-fda-idUSBRE83Q12L20120427&quot;&gt;http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/27/us-vivus-fda-idUSBRE83Q12L20120427&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;2.&amp;nbsp; Morris, Timothy E.&amp;nbsp; Vivus, Inc Press Release.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;Vivus Announces FDA Approval of Stendra (avanafil) Tablets For The Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; 27 Apr 2012.&amp;nbsp; Date of Access:&amp;nbsp; 29 Apr 2012.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://ir.vivus.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=668292&quot;&gt;http://ir.vivus.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=668292&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.&amp;nbsp; Yao, Stephanie.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;FDA approves Stendra for erectile dysfunction.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; 27 Apr 2012.&amp;nbsp; Date of Access:&amp;nbsp; 29 Apr 2012.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm302140&quot;&gt;www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm302140&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;1-May-12 7:00 AM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Food and Drug Administration Approves New Fast Acting Drug To Treat ED</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	 
		
	 
		On April 27th, 2012, the Food and Drug Administration approved a new drug to treat the problem of erectile dysfunction (ED).  According to a recent release from the FDA, approximately 30 million males are troubled by the condition.  The fast acting drug called Stendra (avanafil) works as an as needed pill which men would take about 30 minutes before sexual activity.  &quot;This approval expands the available treatment options to men experiencing erectile dysfunction, and enables patients, in consultation with their doctor, to choose the most appropriate treatment for their needs,&quot; said Victoria Kusiak, M.D., deputy director of the office of Drug Evaluation III in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 
	 
		 
		
	 
		The lowest dose of Stendra should be prescribed to males meet their individual needs.  ED is defined as trouble obtaining an erection or keeping an erection.  The condition is treatable, manageable, and curable.  Stendra is a medication called a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor which are generally successful in increasing blood flow to the penis.  Males should be careful not to take Stendra with nitrates as the combination can cause a dangerous decrease of blood pressure.
	 
		           
	 
		&quot;Stendra is the first of a new generation of PDE5 inhibitors, and the approval marks an exciting new milestone for the millions of men suffering from erectile dysfunction who are in need of a new treatment option,&quot; said Dr. Wayne Hellstrom, Professor of Urology and Chief of Andrology (male infertility and sexual dysfunction) at Tulane University School of Medicine in New Orleans, LA.       
	 
		 
		
	 
		Stendra has been approved in 50, 100, and 200 mg doses and is marketed by Vivus, Inc. 
	 
		 
		
	 
		Sources: 
	 
		1.  Berkrot, Bill.  &quot;FDA Approves Vivus's Fast-Acting Viagra Rival.&quot;  Reuters.com.  27 Apr 2012.  Date of Access:  28 Apr 2012.   http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/27/us-vivus-fda-idUSBRE83Q12L20120427
	 
		 
		
	 
		2.  Morris, Timothy E.  Vivus, Inc Press Release.  &quot;Vivus Announces FDA Approval of Stendra (avanafil) Tablets For The Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction.&quot;  27 Apr 2012.  Date of Access:  29 Apr 2012.  http://ir.vivus.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=668292
	 
		 
		
	 
		3.  Yao, Stephanie.  &quot;FDA approves Stendra for erectile dysfunction.&quot;  27 Apr 2012.  Date of Access:  29 Apr 2012.  www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm302140

</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1217/</guid>
			<author>Jennifer O'Reilly - noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Tue, 01 May 2012 12:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1216/</link>
			<title>Novartis Recalls Excedrin Products (Revised)</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/44473/excedrin_244x183.jpg&quot; style=&quot;width: 187px; height: 141px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		According to Novartis, Inc, Excedrin still remains off of pharmacy shelves.&amp;nbsp; A recent report aired on ABC 13 (KTRK - TV Houston) indicating that the headache drug was being recalled once again, when it actually is a continuous recall of the product meaning any product which MIGHT be on pharmacy shelves should be pulled.&amp;nbsp; The pharmaceutical giant said the drug could POSSIBLY be back on pharmacy selves the middle of this year according to a Novartis customer service representative.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		A number of generic versions are available to consumers, but many patients feel the name brand Excedrin is the only product that works to meet their needs.&amp;nbsp; Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians can advise customers to return the product to Novartis for a full refund.&amp;nbsp; For a full list of recalled Novartis products and more information on the recall pharmacy customers can go to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.novartisotc.com/&quot;&gt;www.novartisotc.com&lt;/a&gt; or call 1-888-477-2403 for more information.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		Sources:&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		1.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Myers, Christi.&amp;nbsp; ABC 13 &amp;ndash; Houston reports.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;Company Voluntary Recalls Excedrin.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; 27 Apr 2012.&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://abclocal.go.com/ktrk/story?section=news/health&amp;amp;id=8639559&quot;&gt;http://abclocal.go.com/ktrk/story?section=news/health&amp;amp;id=8639559&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		2.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;Excedrin Recall.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; Novartis Over the Counter Consumer Product Updates Website.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.novartisotc.com/index.html&quot;&gt;http://www.novartisotc.com/index.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;30-Apr-12 8:00 AM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Novartis Recalls Excedrin Products (Revised)</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	 
		
	 
		According to Novartis, Inc, Excedrin still remains off of pharmacy shelves.  A recent report aired on ABC 13 (KTRK - TV Houston) indicating that the headache drug was being recalled once again, when it actually is a continuous recall of the product meaning any product which MIGHT be on pharmacy shelves should be pulled.  The pharmaceutical giant said the drug could POSSIBLY be back on pharmacy selves the middle of this year according to a Novartis customer service representative.         
	 
		 
	 
		A number of generic versions are available to consumers, but many patients feel the name brand Excedrin is the only product that works to meet their needs.  Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians can advise customers to return the product to Novartis for a full refund.  For a full list of recalled Novartis products and more information on the recall pharmacy customers can go to www.novartisotc.com or call 1-888-477-2403 for more information.              
	 
		 
	 
		Sources:
	 
		1.    Myers, Christi.  ABC 13 - Houston reports.  &quot;Company Voluntary Recalls Excedrin.&quot;  27 Apr 2012.  http://abclocal.go.com/ktrk/story?section=news/health&amp;id=8639559
	 
		 
	 
		2.  &quot;Excedrin Recall.&quot;  Novartis Over the Counter Consumer Product Updates Website.    http://www.novartisotc.com/index.html
	 
		 

</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/art/1216/</guid>
			<author>Jennifer O'Reilly - noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Mon, 30 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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	&lt;font color=&quot;#808080&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;From increasing market share to building professional relationships and impacting one of the most influential referral categories, the National Pharmacy Technician Association is the ideal marketing platform for reaching pharmacy professionals.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/sterile</link>
			<title>IV Certification</title>
			<description> 	   	  	NPTA's Sterile Product Certification Course has been designed to train pharmacy technicians on the topic of sterile product preparation and aseptic technique, including USP &amp;lt;797&amp;gt;.  	  	Most health-system pharmacy settings require IV certification and/or prior experience for employment consideration. This course is designed to meet all applicable State Board of Pharmacy training requirements for IV Certified Pharmacy Technicians!  	  	  	 	 		Click Here to Request More Information 	  		  		    	  		Click Here for 2012 Dates  		 	  		  	  		Target Audience  	  		 - Certified Pharmacy Technicians 	  		 - Pharmacy Technicians  		 - Pharmacy Technician Students  		 	  		Course Details  		The course requirements include:  		- 9 Home Study Modules  		- 2 Days Hands-On Training  		- 8 Process Technique Validations  		  		&amp;gt;&amp;gt;Complete Learning Objectives  		  		How the Course Works  		Participants must complete nine separate modules of home-based learning, comprised of a...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/sterile</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 25 Apr 2012 16:34:38 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/chemo</link>
			<title>Chemo Certification</title>
			<description>  	NPTA's Chemo Certification Course has been designed to train pharmacy professionals on the proper handling of hazardous drugs. Most health-system pharmacy settings require Chemo/Hazardous Drug Certification and/or prior experience for employment consideration. This course is designed to meet all applicable State Board of Pharmacy training requirements for Chemo Certification.   	    	 		Click Here to Request More Information  	 		  	  		  	  		  	  		Prerequisite 	  	  	  		  			Target Audience 		  			- Certified Pharmacy Technicians  			- Pharmacy Technician Students  			- Pharmacists  			  			  			Course Details  			The course requirements include:  			- 10 Home Study Modules  			- 1 Days Hands-On Training  			- 5 Process Technique Validations 		  			  		  			  			  	    	    	    	  		  			  				  					  						  							Participants must meet one or more of the following requirements: 							 								  									Successful completion or current enrollment in NPTA&#39;s IV...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/chemo</guid>
			<pubDate>Mon, 23 Apr 2012 19:14:46 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/459/</link>
			<title>Magazine</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;
	&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Today&#39;s Technician&amp;trade; is the flagship publication of NPTA.&lt;br&gt;
	Launched in 1999, Today&#39;s Technician&amp;trade; was the first full-color magazine&lt;br&gt;
	specifically for pharmacy technicians.&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
	&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;For more information:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?460&quot;&gt;About Today&#39;s Technician&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;a&gt;2012 Schedule&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?461&quot;&gt;E-mail the Editor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?462&quot;&gt;How to Subscribe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?463&quot;&gt;Order Back Issues&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?464&quot;&gt;Author Guidelines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?465&quot;&gt;Advertise - Media Kit&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/?466&quot;&gt;Disclaimer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;


</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/cms/459/</guid>
			<pubDate>Mon, 12 Mar 2012 17:39:18 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Survey</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?27</link>
			<title>RxPO 2007</title>
			<description>Objectives: &lt;p&gt;Attendee feedback and comments only&amp;nbsp;allows NPTA and RxPO to better serve your needs at future events.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Release Date: 16-Oct-07 1:00 PM&lt;br&gt;Expiration Date: 14-Jan-08 1:00 PM&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Share your thoughts with us on RxPO 2007.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?27</guid>
			<author>noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Tue, 16 Oct 2007 18:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Survey</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?20</link>
			<title>Peer Training/Education</title>
			<description>Objectives: What is the one thing you feel your coworkers need training in to make the pharmacy service better?
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Release Date: 5-Jul-07 9:00 PM&lt;br&gt;Expiration Date: 3-Oct-07 9:00 PM&lt;br&gt;Please complete the following survey by answering questions and then include your name, city and state. Select responses will be published in an upcoming issue of Today's Technician magazine.
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?20</guid>
			<author>noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 06 Jul 2007 02:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Survey</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?21</link>
			<title>Peer Training/Education</title>
			<description>Objectives: &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Release Date: 5-Jul-07 9:00 PM&lt;br&gt;Expiration Date: 3-Oct-07 9:00 PM&lt;br&gt;Please complete the following survey by answering questions and then include your name, city and state. Select responses will be published in an upcoming issue of Today's Technician magazine. 
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?21</guid>
			<author>noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 06 Jul 2007 02:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Survey</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?23</link>
			<title>Law Interest</title>
			<description>Objectives: Plese complete the following survey by answering the questions then include your name, city and state. Select responses will be published in an upcoming issue of Today's Technician magazine.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Release Date: 5-Jul-07 9:00 PM&lt;br&gt;Expiration Date: 3-Oct-07 9:00 PM&lt;br&gt;</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?23</guid>
			<author>noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 06 Jul 2007 02:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Survey</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?22</link>
			<title>Topics Request</title>
			<description>Objectives: &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Release Date: 5-Jul-07 9:00 PM&lt;br&gt;Expiration Date: 3-Oct-07 9:00 PM&lt;br&gt;Please complete the following survey by answering the questions and then include your name, city and state. Select responses will be published in an upcoming issue of Today's Technician magazine.
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?22</guid>
			<author>noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 06 Jul 2007 02:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Survey</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?19</link>
			<title>Consumer Survey</title>
			<description>Objectives: The goal of this survey is to obtain feedback from&amp;nbsp;consumers on NPTA's recommendations for improving patient safety through standardized regulations for pharmacy technicians. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Release Date: 6-May-07 10:00 AM&lt;br&gt;Expiration Date: 31-Dec-07 10:00 AM&lt;br&gt;Please complete the entire survey.
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?19</guid>
			<author>noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Sun, 06 May 2007 15:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Survey</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?18</link>
			<title>Pharmacy Professional Survey</title>
			<description>Objectives: The goal of this survey is to obtain feedback from pharmacy professionals on NPTA's recommendations for improving patient safety through standardized regulations for pharmacy technicians.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Release Date: 2-May-07 11:00 AM&lt;br&gt;Expiration Date: 31-Dec-07 11:00 AM&lt;br&gt;Please complete the entire survey.
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?18</guid>
			<author>noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Wed, 02 May 2007 16:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Survey</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?17</link>
			<title>CPhT to CPhT 8.1/8.2</title>
			<description>Objectives: &lt;p&gt;Select responses of this survey will be published in &lt;u&gt;CPhT to CPhT - Practical Advice for Pharmacy Technicians&lt;/u&gt; in Volume 8 Issues 1 and 2 of &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Today's Technician Magazine&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Release Date: 3-Apr-07 2:00 PM&lt;br&gt;Expiration Date: 2-Jul-07 2:00 PM&lt;br&gt;&lt;div&gt;1. Number and answer each question in the space provided.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;COLOR: red&quot;&gt;2. Please include your name, city and state to be considered for publication.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?17</guid>
			<author>noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Tue, 03 Apr 2007 19:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Survey</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?16</link>
			<title>CPhT to CPhT Vol 8 Issue 1</title>
			<description>Objectives: &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Release Date: 23-Mar-07 1:00 PM&lt;br&gt;Expiration Date: 21-Jun-07 1:00 PM&lt;br&gt;Please complete the following survey by answering all four questions and then include your name, city and state. Select responses will be published in an upcoming issue of Today's Technician magazine.
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?16</guid>
			<author>noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 23 Mar 2007 18:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Survey</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?15</link>
			<title>CPhT 2 CPhT V7.4</title>
			<description>Objectives: &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Release Date: 2-Dec-06 3:00 PM&lt;br&gt;Expiration Date: 2-Mar-07 3:00 PM&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Provide your answer along with your first name, first initial of your last name, city and state....in each answer box to ensure that you are properly cited, if published in Today's Technician magazine.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/sur/?15</guid>
			<author>noemail@pharmacytechnician.org</author>
			<pubDate>Sat, 02 Dec 2006 21:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/219/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/219/DSC_0157-t.jpg"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/219/DSC_0157.jpg"/>
			<title>The witch.</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/219/DSC_0157-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/219/DSC_0157-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>The witch.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON.</itunes:summary>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/219/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 May 2012 07:10:09 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/218/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/218/DSC_0154-t.jpg"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/218/DSC_0154.jpg"/>
			<title>The witch.</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/218/DSC_0154-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/218/DSC_0154-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>The witch.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON.</itunes:summary>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/218/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 May 2012 07:10:09 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/217/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/217/DSC_0151-t.jpg"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/217/DSC_0151.jpg"/>
			<title>The witch.</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/217/DSC_0151-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/217/DSC_0151-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>The witch.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON.</itunes:summary>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/217/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 May 2012 07:10:09 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/216/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/216/DSC_0149-t.jpg"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/216/DSC_0149.jpg"/>
			<title>The witch.</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/216/DSC_0149-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/216/DSC_0149-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
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			<itunes:subtitle>The witch.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON.</itunes:summary>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/216/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 May 2012 07:10:09 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/215/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/215/DSC_0139-t.jpg"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/215/DSC_0139.jpg"/>
			<title>The biker.</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/215/DSC_0139-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/215/DSC_0139-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>The biker.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON.</itunes:summary>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/215/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 May 2012 07:10:09 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/214/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/214/DSC_0135-t.jpg"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/214/DSC_0135.jpg"/>
			<title>The biker.</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/214/DSC_0135-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/214/DSC_0135-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>The biker.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON.</itunes:summary>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/214/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 May 2012 07:10:09 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/213/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/213/DSC_0129-t.jpg"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/213/DSC_0129.jpg"/>
			<title>The biker.</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/213/DSC_0129-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/213/DSC_0129-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>The biker.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON.</itunes:summary>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/213/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 May 2012 07:10:09 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/photos/v/212/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/212/DSC_0121-t.jpg"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/212/DSC_0121.jpg"/>
			<title>RxMike &amp; Laura</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/212/DSC_0121-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/tpeople/wwwPharmacytechnician2_4.1/mikej/photos/212/DSC_0121-m.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
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			<itunes:subtitle>RxMike &amp; Laura</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by MIKE JOHNSTON.</itunes:summary>
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			<title>RxMike &amp; Laura</title>
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			<title>RxMike, the farmer.</title>
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<title>The Transmission of HIV in the Healthcare Setting</title>
<category>Courses</category>
<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/courses/view.asp?courseid=366</link>
<description><![CDATA[Instructor: Vanessa Mrazek,MBA,CPhT<br><br>

  	  		Nearly three decades since its discovery, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continues to affect massive amounts of people worldwide.1 HIV is characterized by progressive immune system impairment through the destruction of T-cells. This impairment makes the patient more susceptible to infection.4 Because of a compromised immune system, it is quite common for people infected with HIV to encounter other illnesses. Common illnesses they may experience include herpes simplex, herpes zoster, tuberculosis, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, oral thrush, vaginal thrush, dementia, meningitis, Kaposi's sarcoma, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and wasting syndrome.4 The length and course of both the disease and the treatment can vary from patient to patient; however, the result is always death.4 	  		  	  		HIV can be transmitted several ways including through contact with infected blood or blood products, sharing contaminated needles, contact between infected body fluids and mucous membranes, and across the placental barrier. HIV is found in many body fluids and tissues including blood, semen, vaginal and cervical secretions, cerebrospinal fluids, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, and amniotic fluid.4 HIV antibodies have been found in saliva, urine, tears, and feces; however, there is not any evidence that HIV can be spread by means of these fluids.4 	  		  	  		As of December 2004, the number of people living with HIV or AIDS worldwide was 39.4 million. As of 2005, the Center for Disease Control reported that about one million of those people live in the United States and twenty-five percent of those one million people are not aware they have HIV.6 	  		  	  		In 1985, the Center for Disease Control developed a set of universal precautions in response to the continued transmission of HIV.1 Universal precautions are recommended for use with every patient, regardless of their HIV status. Healthcare employees, including pharmacy staff, are encouraged to use precautions in all situations that risk exposure to blood, body fluids, and secretions. The universal precautions published by the Center for Disease Control include proper hand hygiene and safe injection practices. They also recommend any equipment or materials that were used by the patient, and are likely to have been contaminated with infectious body fluids, must be handled in a manner to prevent the possible transmission of HIV.1 The Center for Disease Control recommends the use of personal protective equipment to reduce the possibility of transmission as another standard precaution. Personal protective equipment (PPE) can include the use of gloves, gowns, mouth, nose, and eye protection to protect mucous membranes.9Standard universal precautions have helped to play an important role in reducing the likelihood of a healthcare employee being exposed to HIV. 	  		  	  		Universal precautions that define safe injection practices include, but are not limited to, using aseptic technique to avoid contamination of sterile injection equipment and using a separate syringe to administer different medications, even if the needle or cannula on the syringe is changed.9 It is important to use fluid infusion and administration sets like intravenous bags, tubing and connectors, for one patient only and dispose of them after use. The Center for Disease Control also recommends using single dose vials whenever possible to avoid multiple sticks.9 	  		  	  		In order to ensure the consistent use of universal precautions, healthcare administrators need to make preventing the transmission of infectious agents a priority for their organization.1 Administrators should provide support, including keeping an adequate supply of equipment on hand and maintaining enough employees per shift. These employees need education and training on the prevention of the transmission of HIV during their job orientation.1 Continuing education related to the prevention of the transmission of infectious disease should be a yearly requirement in order for employees to remain up to date on current procedures. It is also recommended that administration develops a system to ensure that all employees complete continuing education modules.1 Workplacepolicies for healthcare employees who have regular contact with possible HIV transmission situations need to be in place and employees need to be properly trained on the correct ways to administer first aid and the use of protective equipment without risking exposure, as well as what compensation may be available if the occupational exposure leads to transmission.1 	  		  	  		When handling possibly infected spills, you should always wear disposable gloves and wipe up the spill using disposable paper towels or rags. The contaminated area should then be cleaned using a solution comprised of &#188; quart of water mixed with one tablespoon of bleach. The area may then air dry. You should then place all soiled materials in a closed, leak proof container and place in the trash. After removing your gloves, follow proper hand hygiene procedures.1 	 		  	  		Case Study #1 	  		  			You are employed as a pharmacy technician at a nearby hospital. You are making your rounds delivering floor stock to the nurse's stations when you witness a patient trip over their IV line and fall. You rush over to help them up and notice they have pulled out their IV and their nose is bleeding. What should you do? 	 	  		  	  		First aid and spill kits should be kept in an easily accessible area and ought to be equipped to handle possible exposure to blood and/or body fluids. The kits need to be stocked with disposable gloves, antiseptic or disinfectant, a bottle of bleach, disposable paper towels, and sterile gauze for covering wounds, medical tape, adhesive bandages, and a leak proof biohazard bag for disposal of solid materials.1 Many healthcare employees are concerned about exposure to HIV and having a properly stocked first aid and spill kit nearby can help ease these concerns. Any wounds or open areas exposed to blood or body fluids need to be washed thoroughly with soap and water, and any exposed mucous membranes need to be repeatedly flushed.1 Anyone exposed to HIV needs to be evaluated for potential transmission of HIV. After giving informed consent, a healthcare employee can begin baseline infection testing. All reports concerning the exposure are to be completed in a way that is non-judgmental to the healthcare employee or patient.1 	  		  	  		Education about the prevention of HIV exposure is the most effective way to reduce the transmission of HIV. In order to be effective in preventing the transmission of HIV, healthcare employees need to be properly trained on universal precautions and supplied with the proper materials and equipment.1 Unfortunately, occupational exposure to HIV is very common. Many accidental transmissions occur due to healthcare employees failure to follow universal precautions concerning the safe handling and disposal of needles and sharps.1 	  		  	  		Since the Center for Disease Control's publication of universal precautions, the occurrence of needle stick injuries has decreased; however, they continue to occur.7 Studies from 1996 show a reported one million needle stick injuries occurred in the workplace that year and they have slowly decreased with a reported 386, 000 needle stick injuries occurring in 2000. The decline in the number of needle stick injuries has been attributed to the publication of universal precautions by the Center for Disease Control and the implementation of these precautions by healthcare facilities and their employees.7 	  		  	  		In the healthcare setting, employees have reportedly become infected with HIV after being stuck with needles containing HIV infected blood or infected blood was able to enter an open cut or mucous membrane like the eyes or the inside of the nose.1 The Center for Disease Control recommends testing of possibly affected persons one month after exposure as the body may not have produced antibodies any sooner than that. Reports have shown that for some people it has taken up to fourteen months after exposure for their test to come back positive although the average positive test occurs three to seven weeks after exposure.5 The Center for Disease Control recommends that treatment for exposure to HIV begins within two hours of the exposure, or at least within seventy-two hours, as the treatment has been shown to be ineffective if it occurs after three days from the time of exposure.5 	  		  	  		The Center for Disease Control conducted studies in 2004 and discovered that suture needles, scalpels, IV catheter stylets, butterfly needles, hypodermic needles, and phlebotomy needles account for a majority of accidental needle stick injuries. Hollow bore needles pose the greatest risk for accidental transmission due to their ability to house patient blood.7 This same study showed that situations that lead to these occurrences of accidental needle sticks included manipulating the needle within the patient, being distracted while disposing of a needle, having a collision with another healthcare employee or sharps container, during the clean-up process of soiled materials, while attempting to access a patient's IV line, or while recapping a needle after use in a patient.7 Needle stick injuries can be eliminated through consistent review and education of possible situations that may cause an accident.7 	  		  	  		The Center for Disease Control reports that the occurrence of transmission of HIV due to workplace exposure to HIV is about one in 300, although there are factors that increase the risk of transmission to one in twenty. These factors include having blood visible on the needle, having a needle that was used to access an artery or vein, or if the needle was used on a patient, who was newly infected.7 Other reports by the Center for Disease Control show that healthcare employees do not report an average of forty percent of needle stick injuries due to fear of repercussions by management.7 The risk of acquiring HIV following an occupational exposure to infected blood or body fluids is actually very low. The main concern and focus of healthcare employees need to be how we can maximize patient health and safety while protecting employees when it comes to HIV.1 Any healthcare employee who believes they may have been exposed to an HIV infection must follow proper policies and procedures. 	  		Stigma and discrimination surrounding people with HIV have lead many infected people to become secretive and feel ashamed about their disease. A non-supportive workplace can cause other healthcare employees to veer away from proper patient care in order to avoid possible exposure and contamination.1 Inadequate staffing and poor working conditions have also been shown to lead to increased accidental exposures to HIV. Healthcare employees have reported that they have a tendency to rush more and pay less attention when attempting to perform the work of several employees.1 	  		  	  		Healthcare employees who have been exposed to HIV should be given a short-term antiretroviral treatment to help reduce the transmission of the infection. This antiretroviral treatment needs to be provided as part of a standard post exposure kit that is given to healthcare employees.5 According to the Center for Disease Control, studies performed in 2001 showed that zidovudine or AZT demonstrated a reduction in accidental transmission by eighty percent when used a post-exposure medication. The Center for Disease Control report that newer antiretrovirals are even more effective when used as post-exposure treatments due to their ability to work better when used for treating infected patients.7 	  		  	  		The classification of medications used to treat HIV is Antiretroviral. Antiretrovirals are used to control the reproduction of the virus and slow the progression of the HIV related disease. They do not stop the disease from being transmitted to another person. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is often the recommended treatment. HAART combines a minimum of three medications in a daily course of therapy for treatment.2 HIV has been shown to become resistant to antiretroviral medications that are administered individually so it is important for patients to be dosed using an antiretroviral cocktail. To date there is no cure for HIV; however, there are many drugs available to help prolong life. Not all treatments are the same; the correct medication cocktail can vary from person to person.2 	  		  	  		Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, and integrase inhibitors are the five classes of approved antiretroviral medications. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors bind to and disable reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcriptase is the protein that HIV uses to reproduce and duplicate itself. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are faulty versions of the building blocks that HIV requires in order to duplicate. Consumption of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors results in the halting of reproduction of HIV. Protease inhibitors disable protease, the protein that HIV uses during duplication. Fusion inhibitors help to block HIV from invading healthy cells in the body and Integrase inhibitors inhibit the combining of HIV's DNA with human DNA. Many HIV cocktails will also include anti-infective medications, used to treat opportunistic infections, and antineoplastic medications, used to treat associated cancers.4 Successful complementary treatments for the side effects of HIV and the necessary medications include acupuncture, massage therapy, aromatherapy, and reflexology.6 	  		  	  		As of 2011, three medications for the treatment of HIV are in the development stage. Tibotec Pharmaceutics is working on developing a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor called rilpivirine. Gilead Sciences is developing an integrase inhibitor called elvitegravir and GlaxoSmithKline is working on a different integrase inhibitor called dolutegravir.2 	  		  	  		  			The following table lists five classes of antiretroviral drugs, their actions, and the names of medications: 		  			 		  			  	 	  		According to studies published in October 2011 by Aids Alert in Atlanta Georgia, the current recommended cocktail for initial HIV treatment includes efavirenz, rilpivirine, or nevirapine. Out of these three medications, efavirenz is preferred due to its better potency and tolerability with patients even though rilpivirine is a new medication fresh to the market.6 These same studies listed several prescription and herbal medications that are contra-indicated while on this class of medication. Some of the medications are rifamycin, proton pump inhibitors, St. John's wort, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, and rifabutin, clarithromycin, and dexamethasone that is dosed more than once; St. John's wort is an herb that is contraindicated. They found antacids and h2 antagonists do not interfere with Antiretrovirals if they are administered four hours after the administration of the antiretroviral.6 	  		  	  		Although HAART has substantially decreased morbidity and mortality rates associated with HIV, the given therapy is not without its limitations. Numerous side effects, potential drug interactions, and substantial costs all affect the adherence of the patient. Polypharmacy is common among HIV patients and causes an increased occurrence of non-adherence among patients. The average HIV patient takes 4.5 antiretroviral agents along with numerous medications to help with side effects and any other illnesses they have contracted due to a decreased immune system.6 	  		  	  		Studies performed by the Cornell Medical School show that HAART is highly effective for HIV therapy; however, improvements are still needed. The amount of HAART therapies administered has greatly increased from 1996 to 2011, however, due to significant toxicity excessive costs, and patient non-adherence, a better treatment is still necessary.6 	  		Most patients are prescribed a combination of medications immediately in order to maximize the benefits of the medications working together, and to stop the progression of the disease as soon as possible. The Center for Disease Control recommends that patients have their viral load, or HIV DNA, checked every three months and physicians adjust their medications accordingly.4 	  		  	  		Multiple studies have shown that a minimum of 95% medication adherence is necessary to maintain optimal control and slow the progression of the spread of HIV through a person's body.6 Several published studies show that non-adherence can be due to several factors including drug or alcohol abuse, depression, financial situation, family support, and old age.6 HIV control is best obtained when patients have the added support of their healthcare providers. Building a trusting relationship between doctor, pharmacy, and patient is crucial to medication adherence and controlling the spread of the virus.6 	  		  	  		Specialty pharmacists who have been trained on HIV; the ways it affects the body and the medications used to treat the progression and its symptoms, are very useful in educating patients concerning the different medications available, possible side effects they may encounter, and ways to cope with those side effects. Pharmacists are also a useful tool for patients who need assistance finding funding for their medications or talking to an insurance company.6 	  		  	  		HIV and its transmission is an issue that every healthcare employee needs to be aware of regardless of their job title. The transmission of HIV in the healthcare field has decreased tremendously since the publication of the Center for Disease Control's universal precautions. In order to continue the downward curve of accidental transmissions we need to all be aware of how we can contribute to the decline. 	  		  		 	  		Case Study #2  		 	  		You are working the drop-off counter at the pharmacy. A patient brings you three prescriptions. You verify the patient's information and take the prescriptions for processing. As you are checking the shelves to see if you have the medications in stock you sneeze and rub your eyes. You then stop to blow your nose because of the sneeze. Both your eyes and your nose are made up of mucous membranes. When you return to the patient to alert them you have the medications in stock you notice there is a sticky substance that looks like blood on the back of one of the prescriptions. What are your rights as a healthcare employee who was just exposed to a possible HIV transmission? 	 		References 	  		  		 	 		1. Campbell, sue. Management of HIV/aids Transmission in Health Care. Nursing Standard (2004): 33-35. 	 		2. HAART Highly Effective, but Better Therapies Still Needed. Infectious Disease News 1 March 2011. 	 		3. Kagan, I., K Ovadia and T. Kaneti. Perceived Knowledge of Blood-borne Pathogens and Avoidance of Contact With Infected Patients. Journal of Nursing Scholarship (2009): 13-19. 	 		4. Lipincott, Williams, and Watkins. Professional Guide to Diseases. Philidelphia: Elsevir, 2009. 	 		5. Sharifi-Azad, J., and D. Rizzolo. Postexposure Prophylaxis for HIV: Pivotal Intervention for Those at Risk. JAAPA (2011): 22-25. 	 		6. What&#39;s New in HIV Treatment? Aids Alert 1 December 2011. 	 		7. Wilburn, S. Needlestick and Sharps Injury Prevention. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing (2004). 	 		8. Wilson E Sadoh, Adeniran O Fawole, Ayebo E Sadoh, Ayo O Oladimeji, and Oladapo S Sotiloye. Practice of Universal Precautions Among Healthcare Employees. Journal of National Medical Association (2006): 722-726. 	 		9. www.CenterforDiseaseControl.gov. N.d. 12 March 2012. 	 		  	  		Author Bio  		 	  		Vanessa Mrazek is the Director of Pharmacy Technology at Fortis College in Westerville, Ohio. She has been involved in various pharmacy settings for the last ten years. She received her bachelor's degree in Healthcare Management and her master's degree in Strategic Leadership from Franklin University in Columbus, Ohio. She currently lives in Delaware, Ohio with her husband and two month old. 	 		  	  		Sample Response for Case Study #1 	  		After giving consent, you have the right to HIV antibody testing and prophylactic treatment. You also have the right to continue your current position of employment without judgment or bias from other employees. You have the right to defend your reason for accidental transmission to the administrators without bias and you have the right to ask about any compensation that may be available due to an occupational exposure. 	  		  	  		Sample Response for Case Study #2 	  		After making sure the patient is okay, find a nearby first aid and spill kit. After placing gloves on your hands, hand the patient gauze to place against their nose to stop the bleeding. Use paper towels to wipe up any blood on the floor and use the bleach solution to clean the contaminated area. Place all materials in a biohazard bag and dispose of it properly. 	  		  		 	  		Idea in Brief 	  		Pharmacy Technicians play an important role in the prevention of the accidental transmission of HIV. Pharmacy Technicians must be aware of the ways HIV can be transmitted, the universal precautions set forth by the Center for Disease Control to prevent accidental transmission, and the medications that are currently available for the treatment of HIV. This article allows the pharmacy technician to become more knowledgeable about what part they can have in reducing the amount of accidental transmissions that occur yearly. 	  		  	  		  			Idea in Practice 		  			After completion of this continuing education module, pharmacy technicians will have a better understanding of the Center for Disease Control recommendations and precautions concerning accidental HIV transmission as it relates to healthcare employees. 	  <br>
]]></description>
<dc:subject>Course</dc:subject>
<dc:date>2012-04-26T13:00:00Z</dc:date>
</item>

<item>
<title>A year in Review:New Drug Application Approvals in 2011</title>
<category>Courses</category>
<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/courses/view.asp?courseid=365</link>
<description><![CDATA[Instructor: Dominic P. Decker<br><br>

  	  		Background The year 2011 was prolific for drug research, development, and output. As of December 31, the FDA had approved 102 new drug applications (NDAs), 30 of which were for new molecular entities. The medications presented here are a sampling of these approvals, with a range of indications and uses and from different drug classifications. Among these drug classifications, or chemical types, are new molecular entities (NMEs); new ester, new salt, or other noncovalent derivatives; new formulations; new combinations; new manufacturers; new indications; drugs already marketed, but without an approved NDA; and over-the-counter (OTC) switch.  	  		  	  		According to Matthew Herper in his article The Truth About 2011's New Drug Approvals, found in the July 18 issue of Forbes magazine, As many new drugs were approved in the first half of this year as in all of last. The year 2011 was, indeed, prolific for drug research, development, and output. The medications presented in this article were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between January 1 and December 31, 2011, and cover the areas of endocrinology, gastroenterology, rheumatology, pulmonology, infectious diseases, psychiatry, and oncology, among others. It is important to note that the FDA reports drug approvals according to its fiscal year, October 1, 2010 through September 30, 2011, and so numerical data obtained from other sources may be incongruous with the information here. 	  		  		 	  		As of December 31, the FDA had approved 102 new drug applications (NDAs) in the year 2011. The medications presented here are a sampling of these approvals, with a range of indications and uses and from different drug classifications (Table 1). Among these drug classifications, or chemical types, are new molecular entities (NMEs); new ester, new salt, or other noncovalent derivatives; new formulations; new combinations; new manufacturers; new indications; drugs already marketed, but without an approved NDA; and over-the-counter (OTC) switch. The key to the table at the end of the article assigns a number to each chemical type and pairs it with the medications listed. While some classifications are obvious, others may be unfamiliar and should be elaborated on further. 	  		  		 	  		In approving new drug applications, the FDA distinguishes between duplicate therapies, or those medications that compete in the marketplace with the same kind of products already approved, and new molecular entities, which are new and innovative chemical structures never used before in clinical practice that offer new hope for patients suffering from the condition these products are intended to treat. Of the 102 new drug applications approved last calendar year, 30 of those were for new molecular entities. Three of these medications - Dificid, Arcapta Neohaler, and Viibyrd - are featured in this article. To reinforce Herper's statement in his article in Forbes magazine, the FDA states in its FY 2011 Innovative Drug Approvals report, In Fiscal Year 2011 FDA approved 35 innovative drugs that offered important advances in treatment for hepatitis C, late-stage prostate cancer, lupus, drug resistant skin infections, pneumonia, and other serious and life-threatening diseases. This is among the highest number of approvals in the past decade, surpassed only by 2009 (37). 	  		  		 	  		Although the medications presented here may not yet be commercially available, it is necessary for the pharmacist and pharmacy technician to understand how each of these drugs works in the treatment of the diseases and disorders for which they were developed in order to be prepared for their upcoming arrival on pharmacy shelves. 	  		  		 	  		Juvisync(sitagliptin and simvastatin) oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. The medication improves both glycemic control and cholesterol levels in patients with diabetes and hyperlipidemia when used in conjunction with diet and exercise. It is a combination of two drugs: sitagliptin, (Januvia) and simvastatin (Zocor). Sitagliptin inhibits DPP-4, an enzyme that rapidly inactivates incretin hormones. As a result, concentrations of active intact incretin hormones are increased and physiologic regulation of glucose homeostasis improved. Simvastatin is a prodrug, meaning that it is administered in an inactive or less active state and is metabolized into an active state in the body. After administration, simvastatin is hydrolyzed to simvastatin acid, which inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway for cholesterol. Simvastatin thus reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL or bad cholesterol) and raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL or good cholesterol). 	  		  		 	  		Juvisync is not indicated for the treatment of DM type 1 and its use has not been studied in children under the age of 18. It is contraindicated with itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, erythromycin, clarithromycin, and telithromycin (collectively termed strong CYP3A4 inhibitors) and gemfibrozil, cyclosporine, and danazol. The medication is initially dosed at 100mg/40mg per day taken as a single dose in the evening. The tablets should not be split, crushed, or chewed before swallowing. Lipid levels should be analyzed four weeks after beginning the medication and dosage changes made as necessary. Common side effects include upper respiratory infection, headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. 	  		  		 	  		Juvisync is manufactured by Merck of Whitehouse Station, N.J., and was approved in October 2011. It is available in three strengths: 100mg/10mg, 100mg/20mg, and 100mg/40mg. The tablets are pink-beige (100mg/10mg and 100mg/20mg strengths) or orange-beige (100mg/40mg strength), biconvex modified capsule shaped, and film-coated, coded with the Merck logo. The medication is packaged in bottles of 30, 90, or 1000 tablets and should be stored at room temperature in a dry place with the cap tightly closed. 	  		  		 	  		Dificid(fidaxomicin) oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Clostridium difficile, or informally C. diff, is a gram-positive bacterium that inhabits the intestinal tract and causes severe diarrhea. Growth of the bacteria typically occurs in patients who have taken antibiotics that disrupt the balance of gut flora, but can also occur in patients who have been exposed to the bacteria during hospitalization or admission to a care facility such as a nursing home. A stool culture is obtained to test for the presence of C. difficile before a formal diagnosis is made. Fidaxomicin is a macrolide antibacterial drug that works against C. difficile by inhibiting RNA synthesis by RNA polymerases. 	  		  		 	  		Dificid should not be used to treat systemic infections. As the prescribing information states, To reduce the development of drug resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Dificid and other antibacterial drugs, Dificid should be used only to treat infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by Clostridium difficile. There are no contraindications to the use of this drug. The medication is dosed at 200mg twice daily for 10 days with or without food. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. 	  		  		 	  		Approved in May 2011, Dificid is manufactured by Optimer Pharmaceuticals of San Diego, Calif. It is available in 200mg tablets, packaged in bottles of 20 or 60, and also as a 10-tablet aluminum blister card. The tablets are white to off-white, film-coated, and oblong, with FDX on one side and 200 on the other. They should be stored at room temperature. 	  		  		 	  		Duexis(ibuprofen and famotidine) oral tablets are indicated for the relief of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and the reduction of risk for developing upper gastrointestinal ulcers. The medication is a combination of ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and famotidine (Pepcid), a medication that treats gastric ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. The drug is formulated in such a way that the famotidine component reduces stomach acidity during the peak time of risk for ulceration while the ibuprofen component relieves pain. Ibuprofen is an analgesic and antipyretic (fever-reducing) medication whose mechanism of action as an NSAID is not completely understood, but thought to be related to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase, an enzyme involved in sensitization during pain response. Famotidine is a competitive inhibitor of histamine H2-receptors and, as such, reduces gastric secretion and stomach acidity. 	  		  		 	  		Duexis should not be used in patients with a known sensitivity to ibuprofen or famotidine, nor should it be used by patients in the perioperative period of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or pregnant women beyond 30-weeks gestation. The drug interacts with warfarin-type anticoagulants and aspirin, as taking these medications with ibuprofen increase the risk of adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal bleeding. It also interacts with ACE-inhibitors, diuretics, and lithium. The recommended daily dose of Duexis is 800mg/26.6mg three times daily. The tablets should be swallowed whole, not chewed, divided, or crushed. Common side effects include diarrhea, constipation, upper abdominal pain, and headache. 	  		  		 	  		Duexis, approved in April 2011, is manufactured by Horizon Pharma of Northbrook, Ill. The drug is available in one strength, 800mg/26.6mg, and comes in a bottle of 90 tablets that should be stored at room temperature. The tablets are light blue, oval, and biconvex with HZT on one side. 	  		  		 	  		Arcapta(indacaterol maleate) inhalation powder is indicated for the treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. Indacaterol maleate is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist (LABA) and acts locally as a bronchodilator. LABA drugs stimulate intracellular adenyl cyclase, an enzyme involved in the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic monophosphate (AMP), thereby causing relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. 	  		  		 	  		Like all LABA drugs, Arcapta is contraindicated in patients with asthma who are not on long-term asthma control medications. The medication is not indicated for the treatment of asthma, nor is it indicated for acute deteriorations of COPD. When used concurrently with other LABA drugs, indacaterol can produce cardiovascular effects in some patients, such as increases in pulse rate and blood pressure. Because of increased risk for adverse cardiac events, LABA drugs should be used with extreme caution in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants, or other medications known to prolong the QTc interval as measured on electrocardiogram tracings due to increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Indacaterol and beta-blockers also interact, as beta-blockers block the therapeutic effects of beta-agonists and should only be administered in emergent situations. The recommended dose is a 75mcg capsule inhaled via the Arcapta Neohaler once daily at the same time each day. It should not be used more than once in a 24-hour period. Common side effects include cough, oropharyngeal pain (sore throat), nasopharyngitis (common cold), headache, and nausea. 	  		  		 	  		Arcapta is manufactured by Novartis of Stein, Switzerland, and was approved in July 2011. It is available in one strength, 75mcg, and packaged as capsules in aluminum blister cards with a Neohaler inhaler and an FDA-approved medication guide. Capsules should be removed from the aluminum only immediately before use and a new Neohaler inhaler should be obtained with each prescription refill. The physician and pharmacist should be careful to counsel the patient on the appropriate use of the inhaler. The blister cards come in a box of 30 (five blister cards containing six capsules each) and should be stored at room temperature, protected from light and moisture. 	  		  		 	  		Complera(emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in treatment-nave adults. According to AVERT, an international HIV/AIDS advocacy group based in the UK: There are two types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Both types are transmitted by sexual contact, through blood, and from mother to child, and they appear to cause clinically indistinguishable AIDS. However, it seems that HIV-2 is less easily transmitted, and the period between initial infection and illness is longer in the case of HIV-2. Worldwide, the predominant virus is HIV-1, and generally when people refer to HIV without specifying the type of virus they will be referring to HIV-1. The relatively uncommon HIV-2 type is concentrated in West Africa and is rarely found elsewhere. The medication is a combination of two nucleoside analog HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (emtricitabine [Emtriva] and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [Viread]) and a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (rilpivirine [Edurant]). As an antiretroviral drug, emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and thus slows the replication of the virus in the body. 	  		  		 	  		Complera is a complete regimen for HIV treatment and thus should not be used with other antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. The prescribing information notes, There were no drug-drug interaction trials conducted with the fixed-dose combination tablet. Drug interaction studies were conducted with emtricitabine, rilpivirine, or tenofovir DF, the components of Complera. Drug interactions include rilpivirine and drugs that induce or inhibit CYP3A4. Rilpivirine also interacts with antacids that increase gastric pH (from acidic to basic conditions), such as aluminum, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate, as these may cause significant decreases in rilpivirine plasma concentrations and could potentially result in resistance to rilpivirine. Antacids should only be administered at least two hours before or four hours after Complera. The recommended dose of the medication is one tablet (containing 200mg of emtricitabine, 25mg of rilpivirine, and 300mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) taken once daily with a meal. Common side effects include insomnia, headache, fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea. 	  		  		 	  		Approved in August 2011, Complera is manufactured by Gilead Sciences of Foster City, Calif. The drug is available in one strength, a combination of 200mg of emtricitabine, 25mg of rilpivirine, and 300mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and packaged in bottles of 30 tablets that should be stored at room temperature. The tablets are purplish-pink, capsule-shaped, and film-coated, with GSI on one side. 	  		  		 	  		Viibryd(vilazodone hydrochloride) oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Vilazodone is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and a 5HT1A receptor partial agonist. The prescribing information states, The mechanism of the antidepressant effect of vilazodone is not fully understood but is thought to be related to its enhancement of serotonergic activity in the CNS through selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Vilazodone is also a partial agonist at serotonergic 5-HT1A receptors; however, the net result of this action on serotonergic transmission and its role in vilazodone's antidepressant effect are unknown. Despite this, the efficacy of vilazodone was established in two eight-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in adults with major depressive disorder as measured by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). 	  		  		 	  		Viibryd carries with it a black box warning regarding the increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults (ages 18-24) taking antidepressants for major depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders. Studies have not shown an increase in the risk of suicidality with the use of antidepressants in adults beyond age 24. Viibryd is not approved for use in patients under the age of 18. It must not be administered concomitantly with MAOIs as serious, sometimes fatal drug interactions can occur. MAOI use should be ceased at least 14 days prior to starting Viibryd. Individuals being treated with antidepressants should be monitored closely by a mental health professional, who can assess the efficacy of the prescribed dose and medication. The recommended daily dose of Viibryd is 40mg once daily with food. The medication should be gradually titrated to the 40mg dose, starting with 10mg once daily for seven days, followed by 20mg once daily for seven days, then 40mg once daily thereafter. Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and insomnia. 	  		  		 	  		Viibryd, approved in January 2011, is manufactured by Forest Laboratories of St. Louis, Mo. It is available in 10mg, 20mg, and 40mg strengths. The medication is packaged in 30-count bottles or, alternatively, in a patient starter kit as a blister card containing 30 tablets (7-10mg, 7-20mg, and 16-40mg). The tablets are oval in shape and pink (10mg), orange (20mg), or blue (40mg) in color and should be stored at room temperature. 	  		  		 	  		Lazanda(fentanyl) nasal spray is indicated for the management of breakthrough pain in patients with cancer who are already receiving and who are tolerant to opioid therapy for their underlying persistent cancer pain. The prescribing information defines opioid tolerant individuals as those patients who are taking at least: 60mg of oral morphine/day, 25mcg of transdermal fentanyl/hour, 30mg oral oxycodone/day, 8mg oral hydromorphone/day, 25mg oral oxymorphone/day, or an equianalgesic dose of another opioid for a week or longer. Administration of Lazanda is contraindicated in patients who are not already opioid-tolerant, as respiratory depression and death can result. The medication is to be used for breakthrough pain only and is not appropriate for use in acute or postoperative pain. Fentanyl, a Schedule II controlled substance, is a pure opioid agonist that primarily acts as an analgesic. Lazanda is supplied only through the Lazanda REMS program, which requires health care providers, patients, pharmacies, and distributors to enroll in the program in order to prescribe, receive, dispense, and distribute the medication, respectively. 	  		  		 	  		The nasal spray should not be used as a substitute for other fentanyl products, as a fatal overdose may occur. Bottles of the medication contain fentanyl in a dose that can be fatal to a child, so care should be taken when storing and disposing these bottles. As with Complera, Lazanda adversely interacts with drugs that induce or inhibit CYP3A4. Concomitant use with CYP3A4 inhibitors (such as itraconazole, ketoconazole, clarithromycin, and erythromycin) can cause potentially dangerous increases in fentanyl plasma concentrations, while use with CYP3A4 inducers (such as barbiturates, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, or phenytoin) can cause decreases in fentanyl plasma concentrations. The initial dose of Lazanda for all patients is 100mcg as a single spray into one nostril. This dose may be titrated up from 100mcg to 200mcg, 400mcg, or a maxium of 800mcg depending on the patient's analgesic needs. No more than four doses should be taken in a 24-hour period. Common side effects during the titration phase include nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. During the maintenance phase, these side effects include vomiting, nausea, fever, and constipation. 	  		  		 	  		Lazanda is manufactured by Archimedes Pharma of Bedminster, N.J., and was approved in June 2011. It is available in two strengths: 100mcg (yellow label) and 400mcg (violet label). The medication is supplied in a clear glass bottle with an attached metered-dose nasal spray pump that delivers a total of eight sprays after priming. The pump has a visual spray counter and comes in a child-resistant container and should be stored at room temperature. To dispose of any leftover medication, the patient should empty the remaining sprays into a disposable pouch according to the instructions provided on the FDA-approved medication guide. 	  		  		 	  		The seven drugs presented within this article are representative of the new medications receiving FDA-approval in the year 2011 in the areas of endocrinology, gastroenterology, rheumatology, pulmonology, infectious diseases, psychiatry, and oncology. The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) of the FDA maintains updated online resources regarding newly approved drugs. As with all medication regimens, the strength, dosage, and administration should be under the direct supervision of a physician with the support of the pharmacist and pharmacy technician. Together with the physician, pharmacist, and patient, the pharmacy technician plays an essential role in the successful administration of medications. With an increased understanding of newly approved drugs in the year 2011, the pharmacy technician will be better able to support the patient to ensure that therapy is consistent and effective. 	  		  		 	  		Conclusion 	  		Together with the physician, pharmacist, and patient, the pharmacy technician plays an essential role in the successful administration of medications. With an increased understanding of newly approved drugs in the year 2011, the pharmacy technician will be better able to support the patient to ensure that therapy is consistent and effective. 	  		  		 	  		References 	  		1. AVERT. HIV Types, Subtypes, Groups and Strains. 25 Jan. 2012. 	  		  		 	  		2. Arcapta Prescribing Information. July 2011. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. 25 Jan. 2012. . 	  		  		 	  		3. CenterWatch. FDA-Approved Drugs 2011. 25 Jan. 2012. 	  		  		 	  		4. Complera Prescribing Information. Aug. 2011. Gilead Sciences. 25 Jan. 2012. . 	  		  		 	  		5. Dificid Prescribing Information. May 2011. Optimer Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 25 Jan. 2012. . 	  		  		 	  		6. Duexis Prescribing Information. April 2011. Horizon Pharma USA, Inc. 25 Jan. 2012. . 	  		  		 	  		7. Herper, Matthew. The Truth About 2011's New Drug Approvals. Forbes Magazine. 18 Jul. 2011. . 	  		  		 	  		8. Lazanda Prescribing Information. June 2011. Archimedes Pharma US, Inc. 25 Jan. 2012. . 	  		  		 	  		9. Juvisync Prescribing Information. Oct. 2011. Merck &#0038; Co., Inc. 25 Jan. 2012. . 	  		  		 	  		10. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. CYP3A Inhibitor List. 25 Jan. 2012. . 	  		  		 	  		11. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FY 2011 Innovative Drug Approvals Report. 25 Jan. 2012. . 	  		  		 	  		12. Viibryd Prescribing Information. Jan. 2011. Forest Laboratories, Inc. 25 Jan. 2012. . 	  		  		 	  		Author Biography 	  		Dominic P. Decker is completing a Master of Science degree in Narrative Medicine at Columbia University and will be a first year medical student next year at The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences. He has six years of experience working as a certified pharmacy technician in community pharmacy settings and has authored numerous articles for Today's Technician with a special interest in the interstices between communication, pharmacy, and medical practice. 	  		  		 	  		Idea in Brief 	  		The year 2011 was prolific for drug research, development, and output. As of December 31, the FDA had approved 102 new drug applications (NDAs), 30 of which were for new molecular entities. The medications presented here are a sampling of these approvals, including seven new drugs in the areas of endocrinology, gastroenterology, rheumatology, pulmonology, infectious diseases, psychiatry, and oncology. 	  		  		 	  		Idea in Practice 	  		Together with the physician, pharmacist, and patient, the pharmacy technician plays an essential role in the successful administration of medications. With an increased understanding of newly approved drugs in the year 2011, the pharmacy technician will be better able to support the patient to ensure that therapy is consistent and effective. 	  		  		 	  		Table 1: FDA New Drug Approvals for 2011 	  		This report lists all applications approved for the first time during the year 2011. It includes New Molecular Entities (NMEs) and new biologics. It does not include Tentative Approvals. 	  		  		 	  		Source: FDA http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Reports.ReportsMenu 	  		  		 	  		 	  		  	  		 	  		  	  		 	  		  	  		 	  		 	  		  <br>
]]></description>
<dc:subject>Course</dc:subject>
<dc:date>2012-02-21T14:00:00Z</dc:date>
</item>

<item>
<title>Medication Errors Update- How Can the Pharmacy Technician Help</title>
<category>Courses</category>
<link>http://www.pharmacytechnician.org/en/courses/view.asp?courseid=364</link>
<description><![CDATA[Instructor: Joseph Tinervia, CPhT, MBA<br><br>

  	  	   	Introduction   	The topic of medication errors has been at the forefront of discussions throughout the medical industry for as long as can be remembered. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has directed much attention to medication errors in the hopes that basic education can help reduce increasing error rates. The 1848 Code of Ethics of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy identified four specific reasons for errors, such as illegible handwriting on prescriptions, from which many errors to occur.1 These still exist some 163 years later. The four reasons were;   	  	   	1. Poor handwriting of prescribing physicians.   	  	   	2. Improper and mistaken use of medical and pharmaceutical abbreviations and selection of wrong drugs with various synonyms.   	  	   	3. Poor conditions of the environment making it easy to lose concentration while dispensing and selecting the medications correctly.   	  	   	4. Poor training of pharmacy staff and lack of follow through by the pharmacist in the dispensing process.   	  	   	The subject of medication errors has received more national attention recently than any other time. Thanks to attention drawn to the subject by the public, government, and health care providers, the goal is to reduce the potentials of medication errors drastically with proper education and training. Pharmacists have a long history of conducting research on medication errors, starting 40 years ago (1971) with a study that demonstrated errors are a much bigger problem than anyone realized. Barker and McConnell compared the effectiveness of incident reports and voluntary reports to direct observation of nurses as error detection methods.2   	  	   	Thirty-six errors were documented by incident reports during the year studied. By comparison, two weeks worth of data collected by direct observation when extrapolated over the same one year period indicated that 51,200 errors may have occurred (including 600 wrong time errors). This figure is 1,422 times the number identified by incident reports. Other studies have confirmed the difference between the two methods.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Medication administration errors were used by researchers studying the quality of the output of drug distribution systems back in the 1960s when the unit dose drug distribution system was being developed.8 Such errors are recognized as an important indicator of quality of drug therapy from the patient's perspective. Research on the effect of automated drug dispensing devices on errors has been performed,9 showing that errors have not been eliminated by technology.   	  	   	The history of the definitions and terminology used when discussing medication errors is important to be aware of when evaluating the literature. Errors of omission and errors of commission were used in one study.10 Drug misadventure is a broad label applied to adverse drug reactions, prescribing errors, and medication errors.11, 12 Adverse drug events are defined as an injury from a drug-related intervention, which can include prescribing errors, dispensing errors and medication administration errors; this term has been used in the medical literature in particular.13   	  	   	The National Coordinating Council for Medication Error and Prevention (NCCMEP) defines a medication error as any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm, while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer. Such events may be related to professional practice, health care products, procedures, and systems including: prescribing, order communication, product labeling, packaging and nomenclature, compounding, dispensing, distribution, administration, education, monitoring, and use.14   	  	   	The research-based definition of a medication administration error is any deviation from the prescriber's written order, or as entered into a computer system by the prescriber.8  Medication errors are typically viewed as being related to drug administration while dispensing errors refer to mistakes made by staff in the pharmacy when distributing medications to nursing units or directly to patients in an ambulatory, or outpatient, pharmacy setting. Medication error has been defined to include errors in the process of ordering or delivering a medication,14 whereas errors by the ordering prescriber have typically been labeled prescribing errors. Error category definitions that have been tested in research studies are described here. Categories may not be mutually exclusive; therefore, the reader is cautioned that rates for different error types can't always be simply added to obtain an overall error rate. An unordered or unauthorized drug error is defined as administration of a dose of medication that was never ordered for that patient. Some researchers refer to this type of error as a wrong drug error. An extra dose error is counted if a dose is given in excess of the total number of times ordered by the physician, such as a dose given on the basis of an expired order, after a drug has been discontinued, or after a drug has been put on hold. If a patient fails to receive a dose of medication that was ordered, an omission error is noted if no attempt was made to administer the dose. Reasons for the omission should be sought, such as doses withheld according to policy, (e.g., nothing by mouth before surgery). A wrong dose error occurs when any dose is given that contains the wrong number of preformed dosage units (such as tablets) or was, in the judgment of the observer, more than 17% greater or less than the correct dosage. Some researchers use a narrower definition of wrong dose errors for injectable doses that are measured by the nurse - any dose that is more than 10% different from the correct dosage administration would be in error.1, 15, 16, 17, 18 Wrong dose errors are counted for ointments, topical solutions, and similar medications only when the dose was quantitatively specified by the physician (e.g., in inches of ointment).2 Wrong route errors are typically defined as those situations where a medication is administered to the patient using a different route than was ordered, an example of which would be the oral administration of a drug ordered for intramuscular use. Also included in this category are doses given in the wrong site, such as the left eye instead of the right eye. Wrong time errors are typically defined as the administration of a dose more than 30 minutes (or 60 minutes depending on the site) before or after the scheduled administration time, unless there is an acceptable reason for this time difference. Acceptable reasons include situations where the physician has ordered that the patient not consume anything by mouth (NPO), or when the patient is off the floor at a diagnostic test or in surgery. The hospital's standardized dose administration schedule should be used to determine the time at which a regularly scheduled dose should be given. The schedule programmed into the pharmacy's computer system can be used to define correct administration times, but input from the nurse and patient preference should be accommodated. A wrong dosage form error involves the administration of a dose form different from that ordered by the physician, provided the physician specified or implied a particular form. If an extended release tablet is crushed, a wrong dosage form error is counted, it is likely that the timing of the release of the drug has been destroyed. A number of techniques have been used to study medication errors. The following are twelve examples of error detection methods that have been used in research:   	  	   	1. Direct observation 19   	  	   	2. Chart review 20, 21   	  	   	3. Incident reports involving medication errors 22   	  	   	4. Stimulated self-report using interview 15, 16   	  	   	5. Attending medical rounds to listen for clues that an error has occurred 23   	  	   	6. Doses returned to pharmacy 24   	  	   	7. Urine testing as evidence of omitted drugs and unauthorized drug administration 25   	  	   	8. Examination of death certificates 26   	  	   	9. Attend nurse change of shift report 27   	  	   	10. Medication administration record (MAR) comparison to physician orders 28   	  	   	11. Computerized analysis to identify patients receiving target or tracer drugs that may be used to treat a medication error   	  	   	12. Comparison of drugs removed from an automated drug dispensing device for a patient to physician orders 29   	  	   	The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has also focused on the identification of a common medication error of illegible handwriting. It firmly believes that with the use of e-prescribing (eRx) a great number of errors can be eliminated. Addressing the issue of handwriting from a federal perspective, legislation known as the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (MIPPA) authorizes new and separate incentive program for eligible professionals who are electronic prescribers. The Electronic Prescribing (eRx) Incentive Program went into effect on January 1, 2009. Electronic prescribers could earn a 2% incentive payment during 2010. Paying physicians to prescribe electronically on their Medicare Part B claims may encourage them to also prescribe and transmit non-Medicare prescriptions electronically, which should overall reduce a great number of potential medication errors due to handwriting mistakes.39 E-prescribing participation is now on a voluntary basis, but with a penalty in 2012 for prescribers who do not e-prescribe for Medicare and Medicaid patients.   	  	   	The IOM also found that errors can occur through use of abbreviations and believes that most abbreviations should be avoided. Certain abbreviations are misinterpreted today as easily as they were 150 years ago. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) has identified many easily misinterpreted abbreviations which are directly linked to patient harm. These can be viewed on the ISMP website www.ismp.org, which will be discussed further in this article.40   	  	   	Another agency, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) receives medication error reports on marketed human drugs (including prescription drugs, generic drugs, and over-the-counter drugs) and non-vaccine biological products and devices. Such events may be related to professional practice, health care products, procedures, and systems, including prescribing, order communication, product labeling, packaging, and nomenclature, compounding, dispensing, distribution, administration, education, monitoring, and use.   	  	   	In 1992, the FDA began monitoring medication error reports that are forwarded to FDA from the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and ISMP. The Agency also reviews MedWatch reports for possible medication errors. Currently, medication errors are reported to the FDA as manufacturer reports (adverse drug events resulting in serious injury and for which a medication error may be a component), direct contact reports (MedWatch), or reports from USP or ISMP. The Division of Medication Errors and Technical Support includes a medication error prevention program staffed with pharmacists and support personnel. Among their many duties, program staff review medication error reports sent to the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP) and MedWatch, evaluate causality, and analyze the data to provide feedback to others at FDA.   	  	   	Campaign to Eliminate Use of Error-Prone Abbreviations   	The FDA and ISMP have launched national education campaigns to eliminate the use of ambiguous medical abbreviations that are frequently misinterpreted and lead to mistakes that result in patient harm. The campaign seeks to promote safe practices among those who communicate medical information. As part of the campaign, FDA recommends that health care professionals consider ISMP's List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations http://www.ismp.org/tools/errorproneabbreviations.pdf and the confusing drug similarities listing http://www.ismp.org/Tools/confuseddrugnames.pdf whenever medical information is communicated. In addition, FDA and ISMP have provided a toolkit of resource materials available at ISMP and FDA website locations to avoid the look-alike, sounds-alike (LASA) drug names by using tall man (mixed case) letters to help draw attention to the dissimilarities in their names. Several studies have shown that highlighting sections of drug names using tall man letters can help distinguish similar drug names, making them less prone to mix-ups. High-alert medications are drugs that bear a heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when they are used in error.40 Although mistakes may or may not be more common with these drugs, the consequences of an error are clearly more devastating to patients. Strategies for avoiding errors include improving access to information about these drugs, limiting access to high-alert medications, using auxiliary labels and automated alerts, standardizing the ordering, storage, preparation, and administration of these products, and employing redundancies such as automated or independent double checks when necessary. (Note: manual independent double-checks are not always the optimal error-reduction strategies and may not be practical for all of the medications on the list). The ISMP, FDA, Joint Commission and other safety-conscious pharmaceutical organizations have promoted the use of tall man letters as one means of reducing confusion between similar drug names. http://www.ismp.org/Tools/tallmanletters.pdf The ISMP also has published a High Alert Medications http://www.ismp.org/Tools/highalertmedications.pdf. This listing is a very valued piece of reference literature that can be used to alert pharmacy staff that errors can be made quite easily with these medications. The above three listings can become part of any pharmacy routine in identifying possible medication errors or potential problems.39   	  	   	The American Hospital Association lists the following as some common types of medication errors: 42   	  	   	 incomplete patient information (not knowing about patients&#39; allergies, other medicines they are taking, previous diagnoses, and lab results)   	  	   	 unavailable drug information (such as lack of up-to-date warnings)   	  	   	 miscommunication of drug orders, which can involve poor handwriting, confusion between drugs with similar names, misuse of zeroes and decimal points, confusion of metric and other dosing units, and inappropriate abbreviation.   	  	   	 lack of appropriate labeling as a drug is prepared and repackaged into smaller units.   	  	   	 environmental factors, such as lighting, heat, noise, and interruptions, which can distract pharmacy staff and health care professionals from their dispensing and administering tasks.49   	  	   	Medication Error Test Results   	Data were collected in the 50 pharmacies that agreed to participate over a 10-month period between July 2000 and April 2001.43 Corporate executives from one chain pharmacy declined to participate. Among the chains that accepted, 12 individual pharmacies declined participation in the study. Sixty independent or health-system pharmacies declined the invitation to participate as one of the 30 observation sites available for these types of pharmacies. An additional 30 randomly selected independent and health-system pharmacies were excluded because they were no longer in operation or did not have a prescription filling operation (for example, a hospital might not have had an outpatient pharmacy).   	  	   	Of the observed prescriptions, 52% (2,335) were filled in 26 chain pharmacies, 31% (1,370) were filled in 15 independent pharmacies, and 17% (776) were filled in nine health-system pharmacies. Observers were not able to interpret one prescription of the 1,962 new prescriptions evaluated (0.05%). This prescription was excluded from the study, making the total new prescriptions equal to 1,961. This is comparable with a previously identified uninterpretable rate in a hospital and nursing home study of 0.2%.13   	  	   	Accuracy Rates and Error Types   	The overall dispensing accuracy rate was 98.3% (77 errors among 4,481 prescriptions; range, 87.2%-100%; 95% confidence interval, &#177; 0.4%). Accuracy rates for all 50 pharmacies are displayed in Table 1, a summary of accuracy rates by pharmacy type and prescription type. There was no significant difference in accuracy rates between the pharmacy types (F 2,47 = 0.259, P = .773). Uncategorized prescriptions were not identified as new or refill by the observer. This information was either not determinable during the observation or not collected by the observer (due to the fast pace of some operations, for example). The accuracy rates for uncategorized prescriptions were 99.6% (840 correct out of 843 prescriptions). Accuracy rates for all pharmacies combined in each of the six cities are displayed in Table 2 (no significant differences detected; F (5,44) = 0.801, P = .555). The dispensing accuracy rate for new prescriptions was 96.8%, or 63 of 1,961 (all characteristics of the filled prescription were checked).   	  	   	Potential Sources of Error   	During the study, 74 process deviations were recorded. Examples of the deviations are shown in Table 5 . Note that all process deviations were corrected and may or may not have resulted in negative outcomes or errors. One instance involved a pharmacist who, working alone because the technician scheduled for that work period was ill, retrieved rofecoxib (Vioxx -- Merck) and tamoxifen, counted rofecoxib, was interrupted by a telephone call, returned to the counter and saw the label for the rofecoxib on top, and counted another vial of rofecoxib. The first rofecoxib vial was labeled with the rofecoxib label, while the second was labeled with the tamoxifen label. The pharmacist caught the error during inspection by opening each vial and comparing the contents to what the label said should be in the vial.   	  	   	Error-Prevention Techniques and Technology Loopholes   	A list of 20 error prevention techniques used in one or more of the participating pharmacies is provided below. Observers recorded information about some of the methods indicating that the systems were not always effective. For example, the prescription check-off system -- in which seven label characteristics are compared with the original prescription -- failed to catch a wrong label instruction (label read three times daily instead of four times daily). A loophole in a bar code checking system was described by an observer at one of these sites as follows: When a clerk scanned the receipt&#39;s bar code at the cash register in preparation to dispense a prescription, an error message told the clerk that a pharmacist had not yet verified the prescription; the clerk took the bag and receipt to the pharmacist verification area, scanned the bar code on the receipt and then entered the National Drug Code number for the drug from the receipt (instead of the drug stock bottle used to fill the prescription), thus bypassing the safety system.   	  	   	 Work procedures enhancing organization, simplification   	  	   	 Work on one patient&#39;s prescriptions at a time, and keep the prescriptions in a bin to separate from other patients&#39; prescriptions   	  	   	 Return drug stock bottles to shelves immediately after filling the prescription to avoid overcrowding on work counter   	  	   	 Use a bin system for drug stock bottle up above filling counter: one bin for drug stock bottles to be filled, second bin for those in process, then put in third bin after filling   	  	   	 Circle number of tablets in a bottle if different from 100 to avoid dispensing incorrect quantity   	  	   	 Manage interruptions -- tell patient, I&#39;ll be right with you -- and then finish work before helping patient   	  	   	 Put drug stock bottle on counter upside down after filling to prevent mix-ups   	  	   	 Inspection processes   	  	   	 Smell check for oral liquid products and some oral solid tablets   	  	   	 Counseling: show and tell, review filled prescription with patient   	  	   	 Bar code double-check of drug product using the NDC on the drug stock bottle compared with label (should avoid entering drug in computer using drug stock bottle; select from list instead to realize benefit of bar code checking system)   	  	   	 Write middle NDC numbers on back of prescription, then compare with NDC printed on label   	  	   	 Circle middle NDC numbers on labels   	  	   	 Seven-check system: compare seven items on new prescriptions with what is printed on vial label -- patient name, drug name, strength, instructions, quantity, number of refills, prescriber name -- and check off each item after checking   	  	   	 Have magnifying glass available to inspect tablet/capsule identification codes that are very small (e.g., lorazepam tablets)   	  	   	 Double-check drug product by reviewing tablet/capsule identification code and comparing  with drug in stock bottle or with computer system photograph   	Table 1. Accuracy Rates by Pharmacy and Prescription Type   	   	 Try to have two different staff members check prescription   	  	   	 Use yellow or pink highlighting of drug name, drug strength, and patient name on pre-printed prescription vial labels   	  	   	 Facility design, work environment   	  	   	 Additional lighting over filling and inspection areas   	  	   	 Anti-fatigue floor mats, chairs available   	  	   	 Modification of drug container   	  	   	 Magic marker highlighting on drug bottle labels or caps to indicate unusual strengths or brand-name equivalents   	  	   	 Memory aid   	  	   	 Take label to shelf to get drug -- this serves as a memory and efficiency aid.   	  	   	Observer Evaluation   	Was there an effect of the observer on the pharmacy staff? A test for related measures found no significant difference between the error rates for prescriptions filled (or refilled) on the observation day and will call prescriptions filled before the study day (t = 0.252, df = 27, P = .803) when no observer was present. Fourteen errors were detected on 1,299 will call prescriptions checked at 28 study pharmacies by 2 observers. Content errors (drug and strength) were compared for the two groups of prescriptions (wrong label information and wrong label instruction errors were excluded from this analysis because the accuracy of the label was not evaluated for will call prescriptions).43   	  	   	The ability of observers to collect adequate data was also evaluated. Observers missed or did not record adequate data to evaluate the accuracy of 5 of 5,790 (0.1%) filled prescriptions reviewed. This is in addition to the one prescription that was deemed non-interpretable.   	  	   	There was no significant difference among the accuracy rates detected by the three pharmacist researchers (F 2,47 = 1.108, P = .339). One pharmacist observed in 42 pharmacies, while the other two pharmacists completed observations in 4 pharmacies each.   	  	   	Discussion   	Four errors occur each day in pharmacies filling 250 prescriptions per day. This finding is comparable with results of some previous observational studies that used comparable error definitions,4-6 but lower than others that identified error rates of 6% and 10%.3,7 We believe that the two pharmacies involved in the 6% and 10% error rate studies may have had higher error rates because they were conducting research as a result of suspected error problems.   	  	   	The finding that there was not a significant difference in accuracy rates between cities may indicate that our results are representative of a national dispensing accuracy rate and can be generalized to pharmacies willing to participate in such studies.   	  	   	Wrong label information and instructions were the most common types of errors. Importantly, this indicates that errors in the computer order entry process used to create the label occur most frequently. These types of errors must not be ignored by pharmacists who might tend to focus on the less frequent, but often more dangerous, wrong drug errors (the target of bar code checking).   	  	   	The inspection is the weakest part of the prescription fulfillment process. Efforts to improve accuracy should focus on helping pharmacists perform inspections more accurately. The ability to keep the original prescription (or an electronic representation of it) with the product and label throughout the filling process is important; one study used the original prescription during the counseling and double-check processes and found that this helped detect errors.45 Lighting levels of 146 foot candles,4 elimination or minimization of interruptions and distractions,46 and addressing noise issues47 can also help improve pharmacists&#39; inspection accuracy.   	Table 2. Accuracy Rate by City  	   	  	   	  	   	  	   	Implications for Practice   	The typical pharmacist fills about 13,000 prescriptions annually according to Consumer Reports.48 Assuming a 40-hour work week with time off for vacations and holidays and 220 workdays during which those 13,000 prescriptions are filled, pharmacists have a workload of about 60 prescriptions per day. Hypothetically, if those 60 prescriptions are all new, the error rate detected in this study for new prescriptions (3.2%) suggests that, every day, the typical pharmacist fills two new prescriptions incorrectly, in one or more ways. These two daily errors most often involve giving the wrong instructions for use but may also include dispensing the wrong drug, wrong strength, or wrong quantity (such that the patient may run out of medication or have extra doses).   	  	   	To the patient, this means that the chances of receiving an incorrectly filled new prescription are about 1 in 30. The chances are 1 in 1,000 that a patient will receive a prescription with a potentially clinically important error. Grasha estimate[s] that for every 1 million prescriptions filled, only about 30 will contain a clinically significant mistake that goes unnoticed by the pharmacist or patient (1 in 33,000 ratio). 48 However, the method of error detection used by Grasha in his research, which was cited in Consumer Reports, was not clear. The errors detected in our study using direct observation indicate that 1,115 potentially important errors occur in every 1 million prescriptions, producing an estimate of 3.3 million potentially important errors among the 3 billion prescriptions filled annually in the United States.10   	Table 3. Examples of Errors Detected for Selected Error Types  	   	  	   	  	   	Clinically important errors were defined as those having the potential to lead to patient harm or discomfort. True clinical importance on a case-by-case basis has never been studied because it is so difficult to evaluate -- follow-up by a medical team would be needed for each ambulatory patient for the initial fill and all refills of each prescription or medication order. A central problem is that safe therapy for one patient may be dangerous for another, depending upon the patient&#39;s illness and physical condition. We believe that all prescriptions -- and, therefore, all problems -- should be considered to be clinically important because the medications were important enough for the physician to order and for the pharmacy to charge the patient (even placebos, though none were observed in the present study). However, researchers in hospitals have attempted to go further and distinguish a potentially more dangerous class of error based on the pharmacologic category of the medication involved.21, 38 For such purposes, we provide information about errors involving all of these more dangerous drugs so that readers can make their own judgments about the errors detected in this study (see Table 4). The scope of the errors problem includes economically adverse consequences such as extended hospital stays, additional treatments, and malpractice suits. The mean cost of medication-related problems (medication errors and adverse drug reactions) at a university hospital ranged from $95 for extra laboratory tests, to $2,640 for intensive care. The estimated total cost of medication-related problems reported at the hospital during 1994 was $1.5 million. A report of insurance claims related to medication errors by the Physician Insurers Association of America identified an average indemnity payment of $99,721 per claim between 1985 and 1992.   	Table 4. Errors Judged to be Potentially Clinically Important  	   	  	   	  	   	Limitations   	Pharmacists who agreed to have their pharmacies participate in this study may have been more likely to do so because they believed they did not have an error problem -- the results may, therefore, overestimate the national accuracy rate. The accuracy of labels was not verified for refill and will call prescriptions, and our results for those types of prescriptions likely overestimate the true dispensing accuracy rate.   	  	   	The effect of the observer on the observed is always a concern in studies of this type. However, evidence comparing study day prescription accuracy with accuracy of prescriptions filled before the observer&#39;s arrival suggests that the observers did not affect the accuracy rates. (Note that this comparison did not include the third observer, but because the accuracy rates detected by the observers did not differ significantly, lack of effect of the third observer is suggested.)   	Table 5. Examples of Process Deviation  	   	  	   	  	   	Conclusion   	Dispensing errors are a problem on a national level, at a rate of 4 errors per day in a pharmacy filling 250 prescriptions daily. The rate of errors on new prescriptions (3.2%) is less than the only comparable standard of 5% set by the federal government for the nursing home industry.11 Based on these findings, an estimated 51.5 million errors occur during the filling of 3 billion prescriptions each year. This figure includes 3.3 million errors of potential clinical importance.   	  	   	Dispensing Error Category Definitions   	1. Wrong drug: A medication that is different from what the prescriber wrote on the prescription order or, for refill prescriptions, what is printed on the prescription label.   	  	   	2. Wrong strength: A dosage unit containing an amount of medication that is different from what the prescriber specified is dispensed without an adjustment to the dosing instructions to the patient.   	  	   	3. Wrong dosage form (correct drug): The form of the medication used to fill the prescription is different from what the prescriber wrote on the prescription order. Examples of this type of error include filling a prescription with an enteric-coated tablet when it was not ordered as such and using a sustained-release product when one was not ordered.   	  	   	4. Wrong quantity: The number of dosage units or the volume of a product was different from what the prescriber ordered. Unless the observer could see a difference in the number of solid oral dosage forms without counting on a tray, we assumed that the correct quantity was used. Liquid measures were included if it was possible to observe the volume dispensed. If the quantity or volume of liquid could not be determined, the prescription was classified as no error if there were not errors in any other categories.   	  	   	5. Wrong prescription label information (excluding instructions): Defined to include one or more of the following deviations from any one of the federal or state requirements for label contents, whichever was more strict:49   	  	   	Name and address of dispenser (pharmacy)   	Serial number of prescription   	Date of prescription or date of filling   	Name of prescriber   	Name of patient, if stated in the prescription order   	Drug name   	Drug strength (if more than one strength was available)   	Quantity dispensed   	Expiration date   	Manufacturer or distributor   	  	   	  	   	Dispensing Error Category Definitions   	1. Wrong label instructions: The directions on the prescription label deviated in one or more ways from what was prescribed, except for changes made based on good pharmaceutical practice. (Note that auxiliary label information included on the package by the pharmacist that was not required by the physician was not evaluated in this study.) For example, if for 14 days was added at the end of the directions for an antibiotic that was prescribed to be taken for a complete course of therapy, an error was not counted. However, if the physician wrote for 14 days on the prescription order and this was omitted from the label instructions, a wrong label instruction error was counted.   	  	   	2. Omission: Failing to dispense a prescribed medication.   	  	   	3. Wrong time: A medication was packaged in blister pack locations that were different from what was conveyed on the prescription (e.g., a medication was placed in the bubble for bedtime doses instead of the one for dinner doses).   	  	   	4. Deteriorated drug: A medication that had passed its expiration date was used to fill a prescription or a prescription was filled with a medication that was stored in a location not in accordance with the manufacturer&#39;s recommendations (e.g., outside a refrigerator).   	  	   	Recommendations for Error Prevention in the Future   	Based on a long history of research, pharmacy medication system automation features that are desirable for prevention of medication administration errors are available.49 The recommended system characteristics are as follows:   	  	   	1. Comprehensiveness: Control over the medication distribution system should start with entry of the order into the computer and continue through administration to the patient.   	  	   	2.Focus: error-prone dosage forms should be accommodated by the system, such as injections, oral liquids, and specially prepared doses for pediatric patients.   	  	   	3. Dispenses unit doses: Medications delivered to the nurse should not require further manipulation or preparation by the nurse.   	  	   	4. Signals at dosing times: In order to minimize omission errors and wrong time errors, the device should remind the nurse when a dose is due.   	  	   	5. Labels machine printed and affixed: The medication delivered should contain written labeling information that is machine-printed and affixed to the container.   	  	   	6. Machine identification: It should be possible to identify the dose, patient, and person administering the dose prior to administration (e.g., with bar codes or radio frequency tags).   	  	   	7. Access controlled: Medications should only be accessible at the right place at the right time based on the patient's medication profile, and only to approved personnel as verified by the machine.   	  	   	8. Captures dose administration: Documentation of medication administration time and location should take place at the point of administration.   	  	   	9. Drug use information provided: Any information that the nurse should be aware of in order to facilitate correct administration of the drug should be provided at the point of administration.   	  	   	10. Controls not easily compromised: Any compromises or overrides of the system should be associated with a visible and/or audible alarm. Documentation of the override should occur simultaneously and automatically.   	  	   	Summary   	History has a tendency to repeat itself. If pharmacists and administrators build on what's been learned in error research when implementing new medication systems, perhaps the (patient's) pain from repeating known mistakes and problems can be minimized. Patients expect safe, error-free medication distribution by pharmacists. However, pharmacists involved with medication distribution occasionally misfill or mislabel a prescription. Systems can be created to decrease the risk of errors and injuries to a patient. Pharmacy technicians must be aware and alert to the possibilities of errors and continue to take steps to identify errors and correct them before they reach the patient.   	  	   	References   	1 Smith DB, Ellis C. Troth SF. A code of ethics adopted by the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. Am J Pharm. 1848; 20:148-151.   	  	   	2 Barker KN, McConnell WE. The problems of detecting medication errors in hospitals. American Journal Hospital Pharmacist. 1962; 19:360_69.   	  	   	3 Barker KN, Kimbrough WW, Heller WM. A study of medication errors in a hospital. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas; 1966.   	  	   	4 Shannon RC, De Muth JE. Comparison of medication-error detection methods in the long term care facility. Consultant Pharm. 1987; 2(Mar/Apr):148-151.   	  	   	5 Barker KN, Harris JA, Webster DB et al. Consultant evaluation of a hospital medication system: Analysis of the existing system. American Journal Hospital Pharmacist. 1984; 41:2009-16.   	  	   	6 Cullen DJ, Bates DW, Small SD et al. The incident reporting system does not detect adverse drug events: A problem for quality improvement. Journal Comm Quality Improvements. 1995 (Oct); 21:541-548.   	  	   	7 Borel JM, Rascati KL. Effects of an automated, nursing unit-based drug-dispensing device on medication errors. American Journal Health-Systems Pharmacist. 1995;52:1875-9.   	  	   	8 van Leeuwen DH. Are medication error rates useful as comparative measures of organizational performance? Joint Commission on Quality Improvement. 1994   	(April); 20:192-199.   	  	   	9 Flynn EA, Barker KN. Medication error research. In: Cohen MR, ed., Medication Errors: Causes and Prevention. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association. 1999.   	  	   	10 Barker KN, Felkey BG, Flynn EA, Carper JL. White paper on automation in pharmacy. Consulting Pharmacist. 1998 (Mar); 13:256-293.   	  	   	11 Allan EL, Barker KN. Fundamentals of medication error research. American Journal Hospital Pharmacist. 1990;47:555-71.   	  	   	12 Manasse HR Jr. Medication use in an imperfect world: drug misadventuring as an issue of public policy, part 1. American Journal Hospital Pharmacist. 1989; 46:929-44.   	  	   	13 Manasse HR Jr. Medication use in an imperfect world: drug misadventuring as an issue of public policy, part 2. American Journal Hospital Pharmacist. 1989; 46:1141-52.   	  	   	14 Fink J, ed. Pharmacy Law Digest 1985. St. Louis, Mo: Facts and Comparisons; 1985.   	  	   	15 Bates DW, Cullen DJ, Laird N et al. Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events: Implications for prevention. JAMA. 1995 (Jul 5); 274:29-34.   	  	   	16 Cullen DJ, Bates DW, Small SD et al. The incident reporting system does not detect adverse drug events: A problem   	  	   	17 Bates DW, Cullen DJ, Laird N et al. Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events: Implications for prevention. JAMA. 1995 (Jul 5); 274:29-34.   	  	   	18 Cullen DJ, Bates DW, Small SD et al. The incident reporting system does not detect adverse drug events: A problem for quality improvement. Jt Comm J Qual Improv. 1995 (Oct); 21:541-548.   	  	   	19 Barkers KN, Kimbrough WW, Heller WM. A study of medication errors in a hospital. Fayetville: University of Arkansas; 1966.   	  	   	20 Schnell BR. A study of unit_dose drug distribution in four Canadian hospitals. Can J Hosp Pharm. 1976; 29:85_90.   	21 Barker KN, Heller WM, Brennan JJ et al. The development of a centralized unit dose dispensing system. Part six: the pilot study _ medication errors and drug losses.  Am J Hosp Pharm. 1964; 21:609_25.   	  	   	22 Jozefczyk KG, Schneider PJ, Pathak DS. Medication errors in a pharmacy-coordinated drug administration program. American J Hosp Pharm. 1986; 43:2464-67.   	  	   	23 Barker KN. Data collection techniques: observation. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1980; 37: 1235-43   	  	   	24 Bates DW, Boyle D, Vander Vliet M, et al. Relationship between medication errors and adverse drug events. J Gen Intern Med. 1995:10; 199_205.   	  	   	25 Bates DW, Cullen DJ, Laird N, et al. Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events: implications for prevention. JAMA. 1995: 274; 29_34.   	  	   	26 Cohen MR, ed., Medication Errors: Causes and Prevention. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association. 1999.   	  	   	27 Andrews LB, Stocking C, Krizek T, et al. An alternative strategy for studying adverse events in medical care. Lancet. 1997:349(9048); 309_13.   	  	   	28 Gifts, MG. Mavko, LE. Vanderpool, WH. Evaluating returned doses as an approach to improving medication use. ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting. 31(Dec): Pages_446E. 1996.   	  	   	29 Ballinger BR, Simpson E, Stewart MJ. An evaluation of a drug administration system in a psychiatric hospital. Br J Psychiatry. 1974; 125:202_7.   	  	   	30 Phillips DP, Christenfeld N, Glynn LM. Increase in US medication_error deaths between 1983_1993. Lancet. 1998; 351:643-644.   	  	   	31 Baker HM. Rules outside the rules for administration of medication: A study in New South Wales, Australia. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 1997; 29(2): 155-158.   	  	   	32 Barker KN, Allan EL. Research on drug-use-system errors. Proceedings, Conference on Understanding and Preventing Drug Misadventures, Chantilly, VA, October 21-23, 1994. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 1995; 52:400-3.   	  	   	33 Barker KN, Pearson RE, Hepler CD et al. Effect of an automated bedside dispensing machine on medication errors. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1984; 41:1352-8.   	  	   	34 Douglas JB, Wheeler DS. Evaluation of trained pharmacy technicians in identifying dispensing errors. ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting. 1994(Dec); 29:P-244(E).   	  	   	35 Woller TW, Stuart J, Vrabel R et al. Checking of unit dose cassettes by pharmacy technicians at three Minnesota hospitals. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1991; 48:1952-6.   	  	   	36 Becker MD, Johnson MH, Longe RL. Errors remaining in unit dose carts after checking by pharmacists versus pharmacy technicians. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1978;35:432-34.   	  	   	37 Mayo CE, Kitchens RG, Reese RL et al. Distribution accuracy of a decentralized unit dose system. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1975;32:1124-26.   	  	   	38 Taylor J, Gaucher M. Medication selection errors made by pharmacy technicians in filling unit dose orders. Can J Hosp Pharm. 1986; 39(Feb):9-12.   	  	   	39 Hassall TH, Daniels CE. Evaluation of three types of control chart methods in unit dose error monitoring. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1983; 40:970-5.   	  	   	40 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Electronic Prescribing (eRx) Incentive Program. http://www.cms.gov/ERXincentive/. Accessed January 20, 2011.   	41 Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP). ISMP's list of error-prone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations. ISMP Medication Safety Alert! Washington DC: ISMP; 2001:6.   	  	   	42 Hoffman RP, Bartt KH, Berlin L et al. Multidisciplinary quality assessment of a unit dose drug distribution system. Hosp Pharm. 1984; 19(Mar):167-169,173-174.   	  	   	43 Chi J. Tech-check-tech, as sanctioned practice, gaining in states. Hosp Pharm Rep. 1994(Aug); 8:14, 17.   	  	   	44 Ness JE, Sullivan SD, Stergachis A. Accuracy of technicians and pharmacists in identifying dispensing errors. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1994; 51:354-7.   	  	   	45 Pang F, Grant JA. Missing medications associated with centralized unit dose dispensing. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1975; 32:1121-23.   	  	   	46 Physician Insurers Association of America. Medication Error Study. June, 1993. p. 3.   	  	   	47 Barker KN, Harris JA, Webster DB et al. Consultant evaluation of a hospital medication system: Analysis of the existing system. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1984; 41:2009-16.   	  	   	48 Barker KN. Ensuring safety in the use of automated medication dispensing systems. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 1995; 52:2445-7   	  	   	49 Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS, eds. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington DC: National Academy Press; 1999.   	  	   	50 Buchanan TL, Barker KN, Gibson JT, et al. Illumination and errors in dispensing. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1991; 48:2137-45.   	  	   	51 The ABCs of drugstores. Consumer Reports. October 1999; 64:39-44.   	  	   	52 Flynn EA, Barker KN, Gibson JT, et al. Relationships between ambient sounds and the accuracy of pharmacists&#39; prescription-filling performance. Hum Factors. 1996; 38:614-22.   	  	   	About the Author    	Joseph A. Tinervia is a certified pharmacy technician that has written previous CE articles in Today's Technician magazine on various topics. He is the pharmacy technician instructor at the Tulsa Job Corps Center for the pharmacy technician program. He has also been part of the Adjunct Faculty at Tulsa Community College in their pharmacy technician program. Joe has recently completed both certifications for online instruction and development of blackboard online computer coursework for the potential to develop coursework and exam review courses for Tulsa and the surrounding areas. Joe has a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (emphasis in marketing and psychology) from the University of Missouri at St. Louis and an MBA (emphasis in management) from Webster University in St. Louis, Missouri.   	  	   	Idea in Brief:   	This article is a comprehensive look at the different types of medication errors and how they are categorized. Why these errors happen, implications these errors can have as well as techniques for error-prevention are also discussed. A detail of a study done with 50 participating pharmacies is also presented for consideration.   	  	   	Idea in Practice   	Pharmacy technicians and students need to understand the responsibility they have in their position as a tech and always strive to improve. Staying alert and vigilant on the job to help prevent medication errors is paramount. Having a foundation of knowing the information in this article will help in preventing errors from occurring in the first place. <br>
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